Bone |
Human periosteum-derived stem cells |
Agarose microwell |
5 × 105 cells |
Segmental bone defect (Bone regeneration: 83.3%/8 weeks) |
[236] |
Blood-vessel |
Mouse MSCs (HUVEC) |
Alginate microwell |
0.5 × 106 cells |
Ischemic hindlimb mouse model (Rapid restoration of vascular perfusion and muscle fiber regeneration) |
[134] |
Hair bearing skin |
PSC |
Defined protocol |
3500 cells |
2–5-mm hairs growing out, rete-ridge-like structures, vasculature, and sebaceous glands and bulge |
[60] |
IntestineIntestine |
ESC and iPSC |
Synthetic polymer hydrogel matrix |
– |
Improved engraftment and colonic wound healing |
[228] |
Intestinal stem cell |
Matrigel, non-adherent plates plate |
– |
Epithelial regeneration with crypt and villus structures; differentiation into various intestinal epithelial cells |
[237] |
Liver |
iPSC |
Microwell |
900 cells |
Efficient delivery and attachment of organoid into liver |
[238] |
Brain |
ESC |
Ultra-low attachment 96-well plate |
1.35 × 104 cells |
Enhanced neurogenesis, synaptic reconstruction, axonal regeneration, and angiogenesis, and decreased neural apoptosis |
[239] |