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. 2021 Nov 15;10(4):920–931. doi: 10.1556/2006.2021.00078

Table 3.

Past-month monetary gambling predicting past-month skin gambling

Variables (ref = no) Advertisements Sample
Skin gambling vs not (ref = not)
Qualtrics Sample
Skin gambling vs not (ref = not)
B SE Wald's χ2 P Odds ratio B SE Wald's χ2 P Odds ratio
Poker machines 2.336 0.190 151.344 <0.001*** 10.343 1.069 0.265 55.076 <0.001*** 7.163
Horse or greyhound races1 2.021 0.250 65.457 <0.001*** 7.543
Scratchies, lottery, lotto, pools 1.686 0.192 76.884 <0.001*** 5.399 1.974 0.195 102.652 <0.001*** 7.201
Keno 0.835 0.526 2.522 0.112 2.304 2.201 0.293 56.223 <0.001*** 9.031
Bingo or housie 2.224 0.221 101.525 <0.001*** 9.246 2.130 0.239 79.501 <0.001*** 8.414
Poker 2.019 0.749 7.276 0.007** 7.533 2.204 0.324 46.196 <0.001*** 9.061
Casino table games 2.455 1.037 5.600 0.018* 11.646 3.171 0.452 49.222 <0.001*** 23.830
Sporting events 1.960 0.751 6.815 0.009** 7.099 2.052 0.271 57.232 <0.001*** 7.785
Esports 2.399 0.197 148.985 <0.001*** 11.010 2.438 0.262 86.578 <0.001*** 11.448
Fantasy sports games 2.726 0.205 176.516 <0.001*** 15.278 2.279 0.280 66.468 <0.001*** 9.770
Informal private betting 2.346 0.180 169.511 <0.001*** 10.445 1.793 0.210 72.619 <0.001*** 6.009

* P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

1. Sample size for horse or greyhound races was too small for this analysis.