Fig. 1.

The structural equation modeling of the association between COVID-19 stress with depression and IGD via social support, academic stress, and maladaptive emotion regulation. Abbreviations: COVID-19: Schooling and online learning-related stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic; MER = maladaptive emotion regulation; IGD = Internet gaming disorder. Note: Latent variables are shown in ovals and observed variables in rectangles. Solid lines represent the significance of the structural path (all P < 0.05) while dash lines represent non-significant paths. Standardized coefficients are presented. For simplicity, the significant background covariates (i.e., age, whether being born in Hong Kong, living arrangement, and father's education level) of outcomes, correlations, and error covariances of the mediators are not presented