Table 1.
Effects of aerobic exercise training on angiogenesis and blood perfusion in adipose tissue
| Author (year) | Subject | Treatment | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human study | |||
| Moro et al. (2005)36 | 10 Untrained overweight men | 45–60-minute at 50%–85% VO2peak EXTR 5–7 day/wk for 4 months (cycling or running) | ↑ ATBF measured by ethanol outflow/inflow ratio, ↑ fat-free mass, ↑ VO2max, ↓ plasma insulin, ↓ glucose, ↓ NEFA, ↓ LDL-C, and ↓ RER at rest; ↑ lipid-mobilizing effect of ANP, isoproterenol |
| Walton et al. (2015)37 | 12 Insulin-sensitive; 14 IR adults | 12-Week cycling EXTR | ↑ Angiogenesis in SAT of insulin-sensitive individuals but not SAT of IR individuals; exercise training did not increase insulin sensitivity in IR subjects. |
| Animal study | |||
| Lee (2018)38 | 16 C57BL/6J mice | 6-Week VW | ↓ Vegfa, Flk1 mRNA expression and ↑ Ang2, Pdgfrb mRNA expression in eWAT; ↑ Vegfa mRNA expression and ↓Ang1 in iWAT; no change in BAT gene expression |
| Loustau et al. (2020)39 | 85 C57BL/6J mice fed HFD | 7-Week VW | ↑ Capillary density in WAT, ↓ adipocytes hypertrophy, ↓ adipose inflammation, ↑ adipose insulin sensitivity, ↑ browning process of SAT, ↓ ectopic fat deposition |
| Disanzo and You (2014)40 | 30 Lean, obese Zucker rats | Treadmill exercise 5 day/wk for 8 weeks | ↑ Vegfa in eWAT, ↓ lactate in iWAT |
| Min et al. (2019)41 | C57BL/6J mice fed HFD (n = 5–7 per group) | 30-Minute treadmill EXTR at ~70% VO2max 5 day/wk for 7 weeks | ET: ↑ capillary sprouting; ↑ Ucp1 mRNA; ↑ vessel density in VAT and SAT HFD: ↓ glucose handling attenuated by ET, ↓ Vegfa, ↓ Nos3 in WAT attenuated by ET |
| Kolahdouzi et al. (2019)42 | 48 Male Wistar rats | Continuous and interval aerobic EXTR | E ercise training prevents HFD-induced adipose tissue remodeling by increased capillary density. |
EXTR, exercise training; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ATBF, adipose tissue blood flow; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; ANP, natriuretic peptide A; IR, insulin-resistant; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VW, voluntary wheel running; Vegfa, vascular endothelial growth factor A; Flk1, fetal liver kinase-1 (or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2); Ang2, angiopoietin 2; Pdgfrb, platelet derived growth factor receptor beta; eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue; iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; BAT, brown adipose tissue; HFD, high-fat diet; ET, exercise training; Ucp1, uncoupling protein 1; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; Nos3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase.