TABLE 2.
Comparative properties of different types of CDNSs.
| Nanosponge | Method | Structure | Mean size/nm | PDI | ζ-Potential/mV | SBET/m2 g−1 | Pore diameter/nm | Pore volume/cm3g−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| βCD:DPC Kumar et al. (2021); Liu et al. (2020b); Sharma et al. (2021); Sadjadi et al. (2018a); Sadjadi et al. (2017b); Rao et al. (2013) | Melt | C/A | <664 | <0.45 | − (3–22) | 9.7 (1:2) | 11.1 (1:2) | 0.03 (1:2) | |
| βCD:DPC Shringirishi et al. (2017); Pushpalatha et al. (2018b); Singireddy et al. (2016); Liu et al. (2020b); Gupta et al. (2021) | Solvent | A | 135–500 | <0.43 | ± (12–35) | 2.2 (1:2) | 13.3 (1:2) | 0.0075 (1:2) | |
| βCD:DPC 1:4 Guineo-Alvarado et al. (2021); Singireddy et al. (2016) | MW | C | 153 ± 8 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 28 ± 2 | <2.0 | — | — | |
| βCD:CDI 1:4 Rao et al. (2018); Sabzi and Kiasat (2018); Kardooni et al. (2020); Desai and Shende (2021) | Solvent | A | 473 ± 1 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | −(39 ± 1) | 10.9 | 4.86 | 0.013 | |
| Interfacial | — | 173 ± 1 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | −(33 ± 1) | — | — | — | ||
| CD:HDI Salgın et al. (2017); Mhlanga et al. (2007) | Solvent | A | 420×103 | — | — | 1.7–3.5 | — | 0.01 | |
| CD:TDI Mhlanga et al. (2007); Deshmukh and Shende (2018); Varan et al. (2020) | Solvent | A | 367 ± 2 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | −(26 ± 2) | 1.7–3.5 | — | 0.01 | |
| αCD:MDI 1:10 Khajeh Dangolani et al. (2019) | Solvent | A | 100–200 | — | — | 11.9 | 35.9 | 0.11 | |
| βCD:PMA Gabr et al. (2018); Rao et al. (2018); Pushpalatha et al. (2018b) | 1:4 | Solvent | A | 605 ± 18 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | −(61 ± 2) | 1.21 | 120.3 | 0.04 |
| 1:6 | 264 ± 16 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | −(60 ± 2) | 0.573 | 484.8 | 0.07 | |||
| 1:8 | 477 ± 23 | 0.72 ± 0.06 | −(60 ± 3) | 0.393 | 299.9 | 0.03 | |||
| GSH-NS: βCD:PMA/2-HEDS Palminteri et al. (2021); Daga et al. (2020) | Solvent | A | 203 ± 14 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | −(32 ± 3) | — | — | — | |
| βCD: Epiclon Gholibegloo et al. (2019b) | 1:2 | Solvent | A | 300 ± 10 | 0.27 | −(24 ± 2) | 0.4 | 105 | - |
| 1:4 | 206 ± 9 | 0.20 | −(27 ± 2) | 6.0 | 22 | ||||
| 1:8 | 140 ± 6 | 0.19 | −(37 ± 2) | 9.3 | 16 | ||||
| βCD:CA Cecone et al. (2020) | NADES | A | <20×103 | — | 5–18 | 9.0 | — | — | |
| βCD:CA 1:8 Rubin Pedrazzo et al. (2022) | Solvent | — | 800 | — | −(29 ± 11) | 1.30 | — | — | |
| Extrusion | — | — | −(26 ± 7) | 0.93 | — | — | |||
| βCD:EPI Jafari Nasab et al. (2018); Liu et al. (2020b) | Solvent | A | 167 ± 8 (1:8) | 0.58 (1:8) | −(37 ± 2) (1:8) | 10.9 (1:10) | 4.86 (1:10) | 0.014 (1:10) | |
| CD:am6 Utzeri et al. (2022); Russo et al. (2016) | Solvent | A | 446 ± 30 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 41 ± 6 | 21.8 | 24.3 | 0.13 | |
| CD:am12 Utzeri et al. (2022); Russo et al. (2016) | Solvent | A | 438 ± 38 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 54 ± 7 | 17.9 | 7.5 | 0.03 | |
| PAA:NS Swaminathan et al. (2010a) | Solvent | — | 410–502 | 0.10–0.12 | −(32–35) | — | — | — | |
| βCD:acrylic acid Khalid et al. (2021) | Chain-growth | A | 275 ± 29 | 0.28 | −(41 ± 5) | — | — | — | |
A: amorphous; C: crystalline.