TABLE 5.

Selected examples of nanosponges application for dye removal.

Nanosponge a	Pore size/(nm)	Surface area/(m2 g−1)	Dye/qm (mg g−1)/RE (%)	References
βCD:EPI (1:135) b	n.a	n.a	DirectBlue 78/24/n.a	Murcia-Salvador et al. (2019)
αCD:EPI (1:115)	n.a	n.a	DirectRed83:1/32/93	Pellicer et al. (2018)
HP-αCD:EPI	n.a	n.a	DirectRed83:1/23/75
βCD:EPI (1:6)	n.a	n.a	Methylene blue/50/≥ 90; Safranin/6/≥ 90; Crystal violet/42/≥ 90	Zhao et al. (2015)
βCD:EDTA (1:17)	n.a	n.a	Methylene blue/84/n.a.; Safranin/60/n.a.; Crystal violet/114/n.a
MCD:MPP (1:1)	2–10	n.a	Rhodamine B/10/n.a.; Congo Red	Qin et al. (2019)
β-MCD:VI (1:100)	0.02	28	Rhodamine B/175/60; Congo red/712/100	Qin et al. (2019)
β-BCD:PD	no porous	22	Methyl orange/285/77; Congo red/288/80; Rhodamine B/n.a./n.a.; Methylene blue/n.a./n.a	Li et al. (2018b)
βCD‒P5 (1:1)	4	479	Methylene blue/135/78	Lu et al. (2019)
βCD:FPS (1:2)	5–6	n.a	2‒naphthol/n.a./>80	Wang et al. (2017)
			2‒naphthol/n.a./>99 (flow through)
βCD:CMP(H)	1–10	1,099	nitrobenzene/325/80	Huang et al. (2020)
			2‒nitrophenol/310/75
			2‒nitroaniline/290/70
			4‒nitroaniline/275/65
			2‒chloroaniline/300/75

^aMPP [2,2′‒azobis (2‒methylpropionitrile)].

^bValues of molar ratio in mol/mol.