Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 30;19(1):32–40. doi: 10.14245/ns.2142698.349

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

The location of the dumbbell-shaped tumor in the axial plane by Toyama classification [16]. Type I, intradural and extradural in the spinal canal with the constriction at the dura; type II, extradural with the constriction at the intervertebral foramen; type III, intradural and extradural with 2 constrictions at the dura and the intervertebral foramen; type IV, extradural and intraosseous invading the vertebral body; type V, extradural and extralaminal; and type VI, extradural and multidirectional intraosseous. Types II and III include subtypes according to the degree of extraforaminal spread.