Table 2.
Comparison of clinical and radiological data between satisfied and dissatisfied groups at short-term follow-up by univariate analysis.
| Variable | Functional improvement |
Relief of back pain |
Relief of leg pain |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Satisfied (n=158) | Dissatisfied (n=68) | p-value | Satisfied (n=202) | Dissatisfied (n=24) | p-value | Satisfied (n=199) | Dissatisfied (n=27) | p-value | ||
| Surgery group, PTED:MED | 84:74 | 29:39 | 0.147 | 100:102 | 13:11 | 0.666 | 97:102 | 16:11 | 0.305 | |
| Age (yr) | 39.7 ± 11.5 | 43.2 ± 10.7 | 0.035** | 40.4 ± 11.6 | 43.6 ± 19.6 | 0.194 | 40.3 ± 11.3 | 44.0 ± 11.3 | 0.116 | |
| Female sex | 62 (39.2) | 29 (42.6) | 0.632 | 80 (39.6) | 11 (45.8) | 0.556 | 79 (39.7) | 12 (44.4) | 0.637 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.4 | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 0.927 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.2 | 0.108 | 23.0 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 2.9 | 0.064* | |
| Symptom duration ≥ 12 months | 33 (20.9) | 22 (32.4) | 0.065* | 45 (22.3) | 10 (41.7) | 0.036** | 45 (22.6) | 10 (37.0) | 0.101 | |
| Dominant back pain | 70 (44.3) | 38 (55.9) | 0.110 | 92 (45.5) | 16 (66.7) | 0.050* | 89 (44.7) | 19 (70.4) | 0.012** | |
| Heavy labor worker | 28 (17.7) | 18 (26.5) | 0.134 | 42 (20.8) | 4 (16.7) | 0.635 | 39 (19.6) | 7 (25.9) | 0.443 | |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 44 (27.8) | 18 (26.5) | 0.831 | 53 (26.2) | 9 (37.5) | 0.242 | 56 (28.1) | 6 (22.2) | 0.518 | |
| History of Smoking | 34 (21.5) | 13 (19.1) | 0.683 | 44 (21.8) | 3 (12.5) | 0.426 | 41 (20.6) | 6 (22.2) | 0.846 | |
| History of hypertension | 16 (10.1) | 6 (8.8) | 0.762 | 19 (9.4) | 3 (12.5) | 0.713 | 19 (9.5) | 3 (11.1) | 0.733 | |
| History of diabetes | 6 (3.8) | 3 (4.4) | 0.829 | 8 (4.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0.961 | 8 (4.0) | 1 (3.7) | 0.937 | |
| Positive nerve root tension test | 125 (79.1) | 43 (63.2) | 0.012** | 151 (74.8) | 17 (70.8) | 0.678 | 152 (76.4) | 16 (59.3) | 0.056* | |
| Decreased sensation | 64 (40.5) | 22 (32.4) | 0.247 | 81 (40.1) | 5 (20.8) | 0.066* | 83 (41.7) | 3 (11.1) | 0.001** | |
| Myotomal weakness | 46 (29.1) | 19 (27.9) | 0.858 | 62 (30.7) | 3 (12.5) | 0.093* | 62 (31.2) | 3 (11.1) | 0.040** | |
| Depressed reflex | 49 (31.0) | 21 (30.9) | 0.984 | 61 (30.2) | 9 (37.5) | 0.984 | 63 (31.7) | 7 (25.9) | 0.546 | |
| Surgical segment | 0.283 | 0.714 | 0.743 | |||||||
| L3/4 or above | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| L4/5 | 74 (46.8) | 37 (54.4) | 100 (49.5) | 11 (45.8) | 97 (48.7) | 14 (51.9) | ||||
| L5/S1 | 80 (50.6) | 31 (45.6) | 98 (48.5) | 13 (54.2) | 98 (49.2) | 13 (48.1) | ||||
| Location of disc herniation | 0.036** | 0.304 | < 0.001** | |||||||
| Median | 31 (19.6) | 20 (29.4) | 46 (22.8) | 5 (20.8) | 45 (22.6) | 6 (22.2) | ||||
| Paramedian | 117 (74.1) | 39 (57.4) | 141 (69.8) | 15 (62.5) | 143 (71.9) | 13 (48.1) | ||||
| Far lateral | 10 (6.3) | 9 (13.2) | 15 (7.4) | 4 (16.7) | 11 (5.5) | 8 (29.6) | ||||
| Type of disc herniation | 0.086* | 0.909 | 0.496 | |||||||
| Bulge | 21 (13.5) | 15 (22.7) | 33 (16.6) | 3 (13.0) | 31 (15.8) | 5 (19.2) | ||||
| Protrusion | 77 (49.4) | 35 (53.0) | 100 (50.3) | 12 (52.2) | 97 (49.5) | 15 (57.7) | ||||
| Extrusion | 58 (37.2) | 16 (24.2) | 66 (33.2) | 8 (34.8) | 68 (34.7) | 6 (23.1) | ||||
| Disc degeneration (Pfirrman grade ≥ 3) | 115 (85.8) | 45 (83.3) | 0.665 | 146 (85.4) | 14 (82.4) | 0.665 | 146 (86.4) | 14 (73.7) | 0.140 | |
| Modic change | 9 (6.7) | 6 (11.1) | 0.314 | 14 (8.2) | 1 (5.9) | 0.314 | 15 (8.9) | 0 (0) | 0.371 | |
| LFJOA | 17 (10.9) | 9 (13.6) | 0.562 | 23 (11.6) | 3 (13.0) | 0.834 | 22 (11.2) | 4 (15.4) | 0.519 | |
| Proximal ASD | 53 (39.6) | 29 (53.7) | 0.077* | 73 (42.7) | 9 (52.9) | 0.416 | 72 (42.6) | 10 (52.6) | 0.403 | |
| Distal ASD | 41 (56.9) | 17 (53.1) | 0.717 | 54 (55.7) | 4 (57.1) | 0.940 | 54 (56.8) | 4 (44.4) | 0.504 | |
| Lateral recess stenosis | 1 (0.6) | 5 (7.6) | 0.010** | 5 (2.5) | 1 (4.3) | 0.485 | 5 (2.6) | 1 (3.8) | 0.531 | |
| Residue of herniation | 3 (1.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0.638 | 5 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.964 | 5 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0.892 | |
| Recurrence of herniation | 4 (2.5) | 7 (7.4) | 0.133 | 7 (3.5) | 2 (8.3) | 0.245 | 7 (3.5) | 2 (7.4) | 0.293 | |
| Reoperation | 7 (4.4) | 7 (10.3) | 0.130 | 12 (5.9) | 2 (8.3) | 0.649 | 12 (6.0) | 2 (7.4) | 0.677 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
PTED, percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy; MED, microendoscopic discectomy; BMI, body mass index; LFJOA, lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis; ASD, adjacent segment degeneration.
*
p<0.1.
**
p<0.05.