Table 4.
Comparison of clinical and radiological data between satisfied and dissatisfied subgroups at midterm follow-up by univariate analysis
| Variable | Functional improvement |
Relief of back pain |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Satisfied (n = 206) | Dissatisfied (n = 16) | p-value | Satisfied (n = 213) | Dissatisfied (n = 9) | p-value | ||
| Surgery group, PTED:MED | 105:101 | 6:10 | 0.299 | 107:106 | 4:5 | 0.734 | |
| Age (yr) | 40.4 ± 11.5 | 44.3 ± 9.7 | 0.191 | 40.6 ± 11.4 | 41.0 ± 12.5 | 0.926 | |
| Female sex | 77 (37.4) | 12 (75.0) | 0.006** | 82 (38.5) | 7 (77.8) | 0.019** | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 23.6 ± 2.9 | 0.927 | 23.1 ± 3.3 | 25.0 ± 3.7 | 0.106 | |
| Symptom duration ≥ 12 months | 48 (23.3) | 5 (31.3) | 0.472 | 49 (23.0) | 4 (44.4) | 0.139 | |
| Dominant back pain | 97 (47.1) | 9 (56.3) | 0.480 | 100 (46.9) | 6 (66.7) | 0.246 | |
| Heavy labor worker | 35 (17.0) | 5 (31.3) | 0.153 | 38 (17.8) | 2 (22.2) | 0.666 | |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 57 (27.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0.567 | 58 (27.2) | 2 (22.2) | 0.740 | |
| History of smoking | 47 (22.8) | 1 (6.3) | 0.204 | 47 (22.1) | 1 (11.1) | 0.688 | |
| History of hypertension | 18 (8.7) | 1 (6.3) | 0.732 | 18 (8.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0.560 | |
| History of diabetes | 8 (3.9) | 1 (6.3) | 0.496 | 9 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0.529 | |
| Positive nerve root tension test | 154 (74.8) | 10 (62.5) | 0.282 | 158 (74.2) | 6 (66.7) | 0.700 | |
| Decreased sensation | 79 (38.3) | 5 (31.3) | 0.573 | 82 (38.5) | 2 (22.2) | 0.324 | |
| Myotomal weakness | 61 (29.6) | 5 (31.3) | 0.890 | 64 (30.0) | 2 (22.2) | 0.615 | |
| Depressed reflex | 66 (32.0) | 4 (25.0) | 0.761 | 69 (32.4) | 1 (11.1) | 0.279 | |
| Surgical segment | 0.513 | 0.555 | |||||
| L3/4 or above segment | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |||
| L4/5 | 100 (48.5) | 10 (62.5) | 104 (48.8) | 6 (66.7) | |||
| L5/S1 | 102 (19.5) | 6 (37.5) | 105 (49.3) | 3 (33.3) | |||
| Location of disc herniation | 0.772 | 0.017** | |||||
| Median | 48 (23.3) | 4 (25.0) | 51 (23.9) | 1 (11.1) | |||
| Paramedian | 142 (68.9) | 10 (62.5) | 147 (69.0) | 5 (55.6) | |||
| Far lateral | 16 (8.1) | 2 (12.5) | 15 (7.0) | 3 (33.3) | |||
| Type of disc herniation | 0.756 | 0.091* | |||||
| Bulge | 33 (16.3) | 3 (18.8) | 36 (17.1) | 0 (0) | |||
| Protrusion | 100 (49.5) | 9 (56.3) | 102 (48.6) | 7 (87.5) | |||
| Extrusion | 69 (34.2) | 4 (25.0) | 72 (34.3) | 1 (12.5) | |||
| Disc degeneration (Pfirrman grade ≥ 3) | 145 (84.8) | 13 (92.9) | 0.697 | 153 (85.5) | 5 (83.3) | 0.884 | |
| Modic change | 13 (7.6) | 2 (14.3) | 0.316 | 14 (7.8) | 1 (16.7) | 0.402 | |
| LFJOA | 17 (8.4) | 7 (43.8) | < 0.001** | 20 (9.5) | 4 (50.0) | 0.003** | |
| Proximal ASD | 73 (42.7) | 7 (50.0) | 0.596 | 75 (41.9) | 5 (83.3) | 0.110 | |
| Distal ASD | 54 (58.1) | 5 (55.6) | 0.884 | 57 (58.8) | 2 (40.0) | 0.407 | |
| Lateral recess stenosis | 7 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 0.984 | 7 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
| Residue of herniation | 6 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | 6 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
| Recurrence of herniation | 8 (3.9) | 1 (6.3) | 0.496 | 9 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | |
| Reoperation | 14 (6.8) | 1 (6.3) | 1.000 | 15 (7.0) | 0 (0) | 0.883 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
PTED, percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy; MED, microendoscopic discectomy; BMI, body mass index; LFJOA, lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis; ASD, adjacent segment degeneration.
*
p<0.1.
**
p<0.05.