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. 2022 Apr 1;8(4):e09226. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09226

Table 8.

Characterization of Guinea fowl production System.

Characteristics Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 χ2 p-value
Geolocation of the farmer Alibori 82.1 9.50 2.40 - 206 0.00
Atacora - 35.7 - -
Atlantique - - 14.6 22.2
Borgou 3.60 7.10 22.0 9.30
Collines - 2.40 7.30 29.6
Couffo - 7.10 14.6 1.90
Donga 7.10 16.7 4.90 1.90
Mono - 7.10 22.0 9.30
Plateau 3.60 9.50 4.90 5.60
Zou 3.60 4.80 7.30 20.4
Gender of farmer Male 50.0 95.2 70.7 92.6 30.0 0.00
Female 50.0 4.80 29.3 7.40
Age Young (25–50 years) 57.1 50.0 80.5 77.8 17.6 0.01
Old (51–60 years) 35.7 35.7 19.5 20.4
Very old (>60 years) 7.10 14.3 - 1.90
Experience in guinea fowl breeding Low (<5 years) 10.7 7.10 51.2 57.4 66.0 0.00
Middle (5–10 years) 28.6 33.3 43.9 35.2
High (>10 years) 60.7 59.5 4.90 7.40
Level of education Illiterate 75.0 64.3 9.80 9.30 79.3 0.00
Primary 17.9 33.3 51.2 37.0
Secondary 7.10 2.40 39.0 44.4
University - - - 9.30
Number of eggs at start-up Low (<10 eggs) 39.3 16.7 26.8 16.7 23.72 0.00
Middle (10–50 eggs) 60.7 83.3 58.5 59.3
High (>50 eggs) - - 14.6 24.1
Farming system Semi-intensive 39.3 69.0 78.0 72.2 16.71 0.01
Intensive 3.60 2.40 7.30 3.70
Extensive 57.1 28.6 14.6 24.1
Main activity Crop farming 7.10 88.1 - 72.2 161 0.00
Arts and crafts - 7.10 2.40 13.0
Livestock farming 92.9 4.80 85.4 -
Trading - - 12.2 1.90
Public servant - - - 13.0
Secondary activity Crop farming 64.3 4.80 73.2 - 148 0.00
Arts and crafts - - 7.30 -
Livestock farming 7.10 95.2 14.6 100
Trading 28.6 - 4.90 -
Incubation Natural 100 100 78.0 83.3 15.6 0.00
Artificial - - 22.0 16.7
Additives in the feed Product addition - - 7.30 5.60 4.79 0.19
No addition 100 100 92.7 94.4
Additives in water Product addition - 7.10 4.90 3.70 2.19 0.53
No addition 100 92.9 95.1 96.3