Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population at baseline (N = 10,548).
| NL-White | NL-Black | Latino | TOTAL | p value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 7504(71.1) | 2362(22.4) | 682(6.5) | 10,548(100.0) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 77.4(7.9) | 76.1(7.5) | 76.4(7.7) | 77.0(7.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.05 | ||||
| Male | 3236 (43.1) | 939 (39.8) | 295 (43.3) | 4470 (42.4) | |
| Female | 4268 (56.9) | 1423 (60.2) | 387 (56.7) | 6078 (57.6) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| < High School | 1266 (16.9) | 923 (39.1) | 418 (61.3) | 2607 (24.7) | |
| High School/Certificates | 2825 (37.6) | 730 (30.9) | 138 (20.2) | 3693 (35.0) | |
| Some College | 1143 (15.2) | 260 (11.0) | 48 (7.0) | 1451 (13.8) | |
| ≥ College Degree | 2270 (30.3) | 449 (19.0) | 78 (11.4) | 2797 (26.5) | |
| Cohort, n (%) | 0.123 | ||||
| Entry year 2011 | 4990 (66.5) | 1577 (66.8) | 428 (62.8) | 6995 (66.3) | |
| Entry year 2015 | 2514 (33.5) | 785 (33.2) | 254 (37.2) | 3553 (33.7) | |
| Medicaid, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 6978 (93.0) | 1623 (68.7) | 405 (59.4) | 9006 (85.4) | |
| Yes | 526 (7.0) | 739 (31.3) | 277 (40.6) | 1542 (14.6) | |
| Coupled, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 3325 (44.3) | 1527 (64.6) | 344 (50.4) | 5196 (49.3) | |
| Yes | 4179 (55.7) | 835 (35.4) | 338 (49.6) | 5352 (50.7) | |
| High WHtR, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 595 (7.9) | 217 (9.2) | 22 (3.2) | 834 (7.9) | |
| Yes | 6909 (92.1) | 2145 (90.8) | 660 (96.8) | 9714 (92.1) | |
| Multimorbidity Group, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| No Multimorbidity—Zero Disease | 664 (8.8) | 158 (6.7) | 54 (7.9) | 876 (8.3) | |
| No Multimorbidity— One Disease | 1359 (18.1) | 335 (14.2) | 123 (18.0) | 1817 (17.2) | |
| Advanced Cardiovascular | 1558 (20.8) | 394 (16.7) | 87 (12.8) | 2039 (19.3) | |
| Metabolic | 823 (11.0) | 507 (21.5) | 146 (21.4) | 1476 (14.0) | |
| Advanced Cardiovascular-Metabolic | 717 (9.6) | 328 (13.9) | 91 (13.3) | 1136 (10.8) | |
| Neither Advanced Cardiovascular Nor Metabolic | 2383 (31.8) | 640 (27.1) | 181 (26.5) | 3204 (30.4) | |
| Cognitive Score, mean (SD) | 17.8(5.5) | 15.1(5.7) | 14.1(5.6) | 17.0(5.7) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up years, mean (SD) | 4.3(2.6) | 4.0(2.5) | 3.8(2.4) | 4.2(2.5) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up Status | |||||
| Deceased* | 1560(20.8) | 487(20.6) | 108(15.8) | 2155(20.4) | <0.01 |
| Refusal* | 1952(26.0) | 685(29.0) | 192(28.2) | 2829(26.8) | <0.05 |
| Lost (other reasons)* | 577(7.7) | 194(8.2) | 107(15.7) | 878(8.3) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: NL = non-Latino, SD = standard deviation; WHtR = waist-height ratio; MM = multimorbidity.
Notes: High WHtR ≥0.5. #ANOVA test was used to compare continuous variables between groups. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables; *Event during follow-up period (8 years for 2011 cohort and 4 years for 2015 cohort).