Table 2.

Comparison of the Most Important Causative Organisms of CLABSI and VAP in the ICUs of 21 Brazilian Hospitals Between the Prepandemic and Early Pandemic Periods ^a

Organism	Total Among All Hospitals, No. (%) b		Proportion of Cases Identified in Each Hospital, Mean % (SD)		Proportion of Cases Identified in Each Hospital Median % (IQR)
	Apr–Jun 2019	Apr–Jun 2020	Apr–Jun 2019	Apr–Jun 2020	Apr–Jun 2019	Apr–Jun 2020	P Value c	Adjusted. P Value d
CLABSI causative organism
Candida spp	10 (15) e	38 (21) f	6 (12)	27 (33)	0 (0–7)	14 (0–50)	.017	.221
Enterococcus faecalis	2 (3)	21 (12)	1 (4)	14 (17)	0 (0–0)	8 (0–15)	.002	.028
Klebsiella pneumoniae	16 (24)	26 (15)	15 (21)	12 (23)	0 (0–33)	0 (0–20)	.209	1.000
Staphylococcus aureus	8 (12)	10 (6)	7 (13)	2 (4)	0 (0–13)	0 (0–4)	.046	.552
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus	10 (15)	38 (21)	20 (37)	19 (26)	0 (0–35)	13 (0–29)	.865	1.000
VAP causative organism
Acinetobacter baumannii	7 (12)	24 (18)	6 (13)	16 (30)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–25)	.155	1.000
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	21 (37)	44 (32)	29 (36)	33 (33)	11 (0–50)	27 (0–44)	.983	1.000
Staphylococcus aureus	11 (19)	21 (15)	19 (31)	10 (15)	0 (0–24)	0 (0–20)	.650	1.000

Note. ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; CLABSI, central-line–associated bloodstream infection; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

^a The complete list of causative organisms of CLABSI and VAP (see Supplementary Table S3 online).

^b Some healthcare-associated infections had >1 causative organism.

^c Pairwise comparison of medians by the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test (P value unadjusted for multiple comparisons).

^d P values adjusted for multiple comparisons according to the Hochberg procedure.

^e Candida spp: 2 C. albicans, 2 C. glabrata, 1 C. krusei, 4 C. parapsilosis, and 1 C. tropicalis.

^f Candida spp: 13 C. albicans, 8 C. glabrata, 8 C. parapsilosis, 8 C. tropicalis and 1 non-albicans Candida spp.