Table 3.
Comparison of the Rate of Drug-Resistant Organisms Causing HAIs in the ICUs of 21 Brazilian Hospitals Between the Prepandemic and Early Pandemic Periods
| HAI Causative Organism | Total Isolates With Antimicrobial Resistance Among All Hospitals, No. (%) a,b |
Proportion of Isolates with Antimicrobial Resistance in Each Hospital, Mean % (SD) b |
Proportion of Isolates with Antimicrobial Resistance in Each Hospital, Median % (IQR) b |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr–Jun 2019 | Apr–Jun 2020 | Apr–Jun 2019 | Apr–Jun 2020 | Apr–Jun 2019 | Apr–Jun 2020 | P Value c |
|
| Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae | 15 (32) | 34 (44) | 18 (36) | 22 (35) | 0 (0–13) | 0 (0–46) | .878 |
| Carbapenem-resistant nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli | 28 (68) | 67 (67) | 26 (44) | 35 (44) | 0 (0–75) | 0 (0–88) | .397 |
| Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 10 (53) | 21 (68) | 14 (32) | 17 (34) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–25) | .450 |
| Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus | 1 (33) | 7 (23) | 5 (22) | 15 (32) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–10) | .066 |
Note. HAI, healthcare-associated infection; ICU, intensive care unit; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Some healthcare-associated infections had >1 causative organism.
b
Proportions were calculated among each group of organisms (eg, proportion of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was calculated dividing the number of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the number of Staphylococcus aureus identified).
c
Pairwise comparison of medians by the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test.