Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of study participants
| Variable | Continuity of physical activity |
P value for interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuously physically inactive | Physically active to inactive | Physically inactive to active | Continuously physically active | ||
| Age, yr | 0.6837 | ||||
| <65 | 1 (reference) | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | |
| ≥65 | 1 (reference) | 0.87 (0.69–1.09) | 0.79 (0.62–0.99) | 0.84 (0.63–1.12) | |
| Sex | 0.0216 | ||||
| Male | 1 (reference) | 1.10 (0.89–1.36) | 0.81 (0.66–1.01) | 0.70 (0.53–0.92) | |
| Female | 1 (reference) | 0.68 (0.50–0.92) | 0.76 (0.58–1.00) | 1.001 (0.70–1.44) | |
| Hypertension | 0.6907 | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.79 (0.53–1.16) | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 0.86 (0.56–1.31) | |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.81 (0.66–0.98) | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.3024 | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) | 0.76 (0.55–1.06) | |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | 0.79 (0.59–1.06) | |
| CKD | 0.6063 | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) | 0.80 (0.52–1.24) | 1.06 (0.63–1.78) | |
| CVD | 0.6556 | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.94 (0.78–1.12) | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 0.74 (0.35–1.55) | 1.02 (0.57–1.79) | 0.99 (0.45–2.18) | |
| Obesitya | 0.5058 | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.81 (0.62–1.05) | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 0.70 (0.50–0.96) | |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 1.04 (0.83–1.31) | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.87 (0.65–1.18) | |
| Weight changeb | 0.4933 | ||||
| Gain | 1 (reference) | 0.96 (0.67–1.39) | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 0.73 (0.45–1.19) | |
| Stable | 1 (reference) | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 0.72 (0.58–0.89) | 0.79 (0.60–1.02) | |
| Loss | 1 (reference) | 0.70 (0.39–1.24) | 0.68 (0.40–1.15) | 0.87 (0.45–1.67) | |
| Malignancy | 0.1431 | ||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 0.90 (0.75–1.07) | 0.79 (0.66–0.93) | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) | |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 1.39 (0.70–2.73) | 0.85 (0.40–1.84) | 1.47 (0.70–3.08) | |
Adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, alcohol, income, waist circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, CKD, stroke, myocardial infarction, and fasting blood glucose.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
a
The body mass index cutoff of 25 kg/m2 was used to define obesity in the Korean population in this study,
b
Weight change was calculated for each subject as the difference in weight between the follow-up health examination and baseline examination and divided into three categories: stable, gain or loss of less than 5% of body weight at baseline; gain, gain of 5% or more of body weight at baseline; loss, loss of 5% or more of body weight at baseline.