Table 1.

Expected changes in neonates with circulatory compromise.

Principal pathological state*		Low preload	Low diastolic function	Low systolic function (contractility)	High afterload
Index
E/e′		Low	High	Normal/high	Normal/high
Peak systolic strain rate (absolute values)		Normal	Normal	Low	Normal
s′ of the atrioventricular plane		Normal	Normal	Low	Normal
Peak strain (absolute values)		Low/normal	Low/normal	Low	Low
Right heart	TAPSE, FAC	Low/normal	Low/normal	Low	Low
Left heart	MAPSE, SF, EF	Low/normal	Low/normal	Low	Low
Right heart	PAAT/RVET	Normal	Normal	Normal	Low
	Tricuspid valve regurgitation velocity	Normal	Normal	Normal	High
Left heart	Systolic blood pressure	Low/normal	Low/normal	Low/normal	High

^*Several pathological states often appear simultaneously, and one principal pathological state can lead to secondary pathological states. Their net effect on indexes may vary; see text for details.

E, early diastolic peak blood flow velocity over the left and right atrioventricular valves; e′, early diastolic peak velocity for the left and right hinge of the atrioventricular valves by tissue Doppler; EF, ejection fraction; FAC, fractional area change; MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion; PAAT, pulmonary arterial acceleration time; RVET, right ventricular ejection time; s′, systolic peak tissue velocity for the left and right hinge of the atrioventricular valves by tissue Doppler; SF, shortening fraction; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.