TABLE 3.
Chemical molecules used in ex vivo HSCs expansion.
| Molecules | Functions | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| 5-HT | Decreases caspase levels and inhibits HSCs apoptosis | 17446559 |
| AMD3100 | Mobilizes HSCs circulation into peripheral circulation by inhibiting CXCR4 activity | 24012368 |
| BIO5192 | Mobilizes HSCs circulation into peripheral circulation by inhibiting VLA-4 activity | 24012368, 29987969 |
| CASIN | Stimulates renewal of aged HSCs any inhibiting Cdo42 | 24012368 |
| DEAB | Inhibits HSCs differentiation via ALDH suppression and downregulating HOXB4 and cEBPε levels | 16857736, 29987969 |
| Diprotin A | Stimulates HSCs for homing and renewal by inhibiting DPP4 | 24012368 |
| dmPGE2 | Promotes cell homing in vivo through the PGE pathway and enhances HSCs engraftment | 19324903, 17581586, 24012368, 29987969 |
| Garcinol | HAT inhibitor that stimulates HSCs renewal | 21931675, 29987969 |
| Nicotinamide | Enhances in vivo cell homing by SIRT1 inhibition and decreasing p21 expression | 22198152, 29987969 |
| NR-101 | Enhances self-renewal by HIF-1α and VEGF stabilization | 19744539, 29987969 |
| OAC1 | Expands early MPPs by upregulating HOXB4 and Oct4 expression | 29987969 |
| P18IN003/011 | Enhances HSCs self-renewal via p18INK4c inhibition | 25692908, 29987969 |
| Rapamycin and CHIR99021 | Stimulates HSCs proliferation ex vivo by mTOR inhibition and activating Wnt pathway | 23142822, 29987969 |
| SB203580 | Triggers HSCs proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis via p38 MAPK | 29987969 |
| SR-1 | AhR antagonist required for self-renewal | 20688981 |
| TEPA | Supports self-renewal by decreasing acetylation levels of histones | 16219531 |
| TSA | DNA methyltransferase inhibitor that promotes self-renewal | 25363624 |
| UM171 | Enhances self-renewal and quiescence in LT-HSCs | 25237102 |
| UM729 | Enhances HSCs self-renewal | 25237102 |
| VA | HDAC inhibitor promotes reprogramming by replacing Klf4 and also inhibits HSCs differentiation | 18568017, 18509334, 15735039 |
| zVADfmk | Blocks apoptosis by suppressing caspase activity and upregulating Bcl-2 and Notch1 expression | 20808921, 29987969 |
5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine; AMD3100: AnorMeD-3100; DEAB: diethyl azodicarboxylate; dmPGE2: 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2; SR1: Stem-Reginin; TEPA: tetraethylenepentamine; TSA: trichostatin; VA: valproic acid.