Table 3.

Mann–Whitney U test between novice and experienced physicians.^a

	Novice physicians (n=164), mean (SD)	Experienced physicians (n=42), mean (SD)	Group differences
			Z value	P value
Resistance to AIb	3.58 (0.97)	3.13 (0.97)	2.83	.005
Self-threat from AI	2.78 (1.36)	1.92 (0.91)	3.85	<.001
Threats to professional recognition	3.05 (1.23)	2.38 (1.03)	3.36	.001
Threats to professional capabilities	3.25 (0.97)	2.72 (1.18)	2.62	.01
Perceived temporal distance of AI	2.23 (0.84)	2.03 (0.94)	1.75	.08
Familiarity with AI	1.75 (0.89)	2.32 (0.77)	–4.28	<.001

^aAll items except self-threat were measured on a 5-point Likert scale and self-threat was measured on a 6-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.

^bAI: artificial intelligence.