Table 2. Patient Characteristics in Maryland Hospitals and Their Matched Hospitals in Control States.
| Patient characteristic | Main cohort | Major surgery subgroup | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Standardized difference (95% CI) | No. (%) | Standardized difference (95% CI) | |||
| Maryland (n = 20 320) | Control states (n = 4737) | Maryland (n = 6858) | Control states (n = 1686) | |||
| Age at surgery, mean (SD), y | 74.9 (6.5) | 74.9 (6.5) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.04) | 75.4 (6.3) | 75.3 (6.4) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) |
| Age at surgery, y | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07) | 0.06 (0.00 to 0.11) | ||||
| 66-69 | 5087 (25.0) | 1193 (25.2) | 1440 (21.0) | 374 (22.2) | ||
| 70-74 | 5897 (29.0) | 1385 (29.2) | 1991 (29.0) | 487 (28.9) | ||
| 75-79 | 4397 (21.6) | 1032 (21.8) | 1629 (23.8) | 378 (22.4) | ||
| 80-84 | 2980 (14.7) | 665 (14.0) | 1159 (16.9) | 284 (16.8) | ||
| ≥85 | 1959 (9.6) | 462 (9.8) | 639 (9.3) | 163 (9.7) | ||
| Sex | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.12) | ||||
| Male | 6252 (30.8) | 1414 (29.9) | 3310 (48.3) | 869 (51.5) | ||
| Female | 14 068 (69.2) | 3323 (70.1) | 3548 (51.7) | 817 (48.5) | ||
| Race and ethnicity | 0.48 (0.45 to 0.52) | 0.48 (0.42 to 0.53) | ||||
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 440 (2.2) | 58 (1.2) | 166 (2.4) | 30 (1.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 304 (1.5) | 97 (2.0) | 100 (1.5) | 35 (2.1) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4106 (20.2) | 245 (5.2) | 1247 (18.2) | 69 (4.1) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 15 142 (74.5) | 4265 (90.0) | 5249 (76.5) | 1541 (91.4) | ||
| Other | 328 (1.6) | 72 (1.5) | 96 (1.4) | 11 (0.7) | ||
| Dual eligible at the month of surgery discharge | −0.12 (−0.15 to −0.09) | −0.14 (−0.19 to −0.09) | ||||
| No | 18 615 (91.6) | 4166 (87.9) | 6303 (91.9) | 1479 (87.7) | ||
| Yes | 1705 (8.4) | 571 (12.1) | 555 (8.1) | 207 (12.3) | ||
| Cancer diagnosis | 0.23 (0.20 to 0.26) | 0.28 (0.23 to 0.34) | ||||
| Breasta | 8106 (39.9) | 2119 (44.7) | - | - | ||
| Colorectal | 2711 (13.3) | 778 (16.4) | 2334 (34.0) | 737 (43.7) | ||
| Lung | 2096 (10.3) | 444 (9.4) | 1726 (25.2) | 405 (24.0) | ||
| Prostatea | 1237 (6.1) | 347 (7.3) | - | - | ||
| Bladder | 792 (3.9) | 172 (3.6) | 520 (7.6) | 116 (6.9) | ||
| Female genitourinary | 1389 (6.8) | 255 (5.4) | 149 (2.2) | 13 (0.8) | ||
| Kidney | 993 (4.9) | 248 (5.2) | 801 (11.7) | 226 (13.4) | ||
| Metastasis | 640 (3.1) | 88 (1.9) | 261 (3.8) | 37 (2.2) | ||
| Other | 2356 (11.6) | 286 (6.0) | 1067 (15.6) | 152 (9.0) | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | −0.10 (−0.13 to −0.07) | −0.16 (−0.21 to −0.11) | ||||
| No | 16 125 (79.4) | 3557 (75.1) | 4835 (70.5) | 1061 (62.9) | ||
| Yes | 4195 (20.6) | 1180 (24.9) | 2023 (29.5) | 625 (37.1) | ||
| Index surgery setting | −0.12 (−0.15 to −0.09) | |||||
| Inpatient | 12 210 (60.1) | 2566 (54.2) | ||||
| Outpatient | 8110 (39.9) | 2171 (45.8) | ||||
| Surgery type | 0.33 (0.27 to 0.38) | |||||
| Colectomy | 2640 (38.5) | 790 (46.9) | ||||
| Cystectomy | 316 (4.6) | 60 (3.6) | ||||
| Esophagectomy or gastrectomy | 302 (4.4) | 46 (2.7) | ||||
| Lung resection | 1899 (27.7) | 441 (26.2) | ||||
| Nephrectomy | 1024 (14.9) | 280 (16.6) | ||||
| Pancreatectomy | 438 (6.4) | 41 (2.4) | ||||
| Multiple surgeries | 239 (3.5) | 28 (1.7) | ||||
a
Because of small numbers of patients, those in the major surgery subgroup who had breast or prostate cancer were consolidated with the group of patients with other cancers.