TABLE 3.
The effects of alkaloids on COPD.
| Alkaloid | Sources | Models | Effects | Dose | Application | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berberine | Coptidis Rhizoma | CS-induced mice model | Suppressed CS-induced NF-κB activation | 50 mg/kg | In vivo | Lin et al. (2013) | |
| CSE-induced airway inflammation in mice | Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling | 25 mg/kg | In vivo | Wang et al. (2019) | |||
| Mice exposed to CS | Inhibition of ERK and P38 pathway | 5–10 mg/kg | In vivo | Xu et al. (2015) | |||
| Tuberostemonine | Stemona tuberosa | CS-induced lung inflammation in mice | Suppressed inflammation | 1–10 mg/kg | In vivo | Jung et al. (2016b) | |
| CS-induced mice model | Suppressed inflammation | 1–10 mg/kg | In vivo | Jung et al. (2016a) | |||
| Matrine | Sophora flavescens Ait | CS-induced mice model | Inducing neutrophil apoptosis | 100 mg/kg | In vivo | Yu et al. (2019b) | |