TABLE 7.
The effects of acid on COPD.
| Acid | Sources | Models | Effects | Dose | Application | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-coumaric acid | Bambusae Caulis | A549 cells exposed to CSE to induce inflammatory process | Anti-inflammatory | 10–100 µM | In vitro | da Silva et al. (2019) |
| CS-induced inflammatory mice model | Suppressed CS-induced pulmonary inflammation | 5–10 mg/kg | In vivo | Kim et al. (2018) | ||
| 3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid | ||||||
| Cinnamomum cassia Presl | COPD model elicited by CS and LPS; phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated A549 or H292 airway epithelial cells | Down-regulation of MAPK (partial p38 and JNK)/NF-κB signaling and upregulation of NQO1 and SIRT1 expression | 20–40 mg/kg | In vivo | Min et al. (2020) | |
| 5–50 µM | In vitro | |||||
| Salvianolic acid B | Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae | CS-induced mice model | Attenuated inflammation via activating Nrf-2 and inhibiting NF-κB activation | 6–25 mg/kg | In vivo | Zhang et al. (2015a) |
| Asiatic acid | Centella asiatica | CS-exposed mice model | Up-regulation of HO-1 and inhibition of the activation of MAPKs and NF-kB pathway | 15–30 mg/kg | In vivo | Lee et al. (2016) |
| Triterpene acids | Eriobotrya japonica | CS-induced mice model | Regulating the AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB Pathways | 50–100 mg/kg | In vivo | Jian et al. (2020) |