Fig. 11. Several AuNPs-based optical sensors for detection of diabetes and cancers using different kinds of biomarkers. (A) Glucose (molecular biomarker). Colorimetric sensor based on AuNP growth. Reproduced with permission from ref. 77 Copyright 2020 Donati, Pomili, Boselli and Pompa. (B) p53 gene (DNA biomarker). FRET-based sensor with signal amplification strand displacement amplification of the target gene. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: ref. 241 Copyright 2019. (C) CA-125 (protein biomarker) FRET-based sensor with signal amplification by PCR. Reprinted from ref. 261 Copyright 2018, with permission from Elsevier.