Table 2.

Clinical Trials of C1inh and anti-C1s treatment.

Treatment Protocol	Cohort	Primary Outcome	Secondary Outcome	Ref
Anti-C1s mAb: 4 weekly doses (60 mg/kg)	Stable kidney transplant recipients with late active ABMR (n=10)	5 of 8 recipients with C4d-positive biopsies became C4d-negative in 5-week follow-up	No change in microcirculation inflammation, gene expression patterns, DSA levels, or kidney function	(58)
C1inh: 20000 units divided in 7 doses on alternate days added to conventional IVIg and plasmapheresis	Biopsy-proved AMR with concurrent DSAs (n= 9 placebo; 9 C1inh)	No difference in day 20 pathology or graft survival	Six-month biopsies (n=14): Transplant glomerulopathy in 0 of 7 C1 INH treated; 3 of 7 controls	(59)
C1inh: 20 units/kg for 3 days, then twice weekly added to high dose IVIg for 6 months	Kidney recipients with non-responsive active ABMR (n=6)	Improved eGFR at 6 months after inclusion	No change in histological features, except a decrease in the C4d deposition	(60)
C1inh: 50 units/kg intraoperatively and at 24 hours	Deceased donor kidney transplant recipients at risk for delayed graft function (n=35 placebo; n=35 C1inh)	Decreased the cumulative incidence of graft failure over 3.5 years	Higher eGFR over 3.5 years	(55)