Table 4.
Studies on the association of MC (including CC and LC) with colorectal neoplastic lesions
| Type of MC | Author, year | Country | Study design | Patient cohort | Age, mean ± SD, years | Colorectal neoplastic lesion type | Effect size (95% CI) | Adjustment factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MC | Borsotti et al. [138], 2021 | Italy | Prospective cohort study | 43 (28 CC; 15 LC) | 60 ± 16 | Colorectal neoplasia | OR: 0.39 (0.22–0.67) | Age, gender |
| MC | Weimers et al. [139], 2021 | Denmark | Nationwide cohort study | 14,302 (8,437 CC; 5,865 LC) | 65 ± 14 | CRC | RR: 0.47 (0.38–0.59) | Charlson co-morbidity index |
| MC | Bergman et al. [140], 2020 | Sweden | Population-based cohort study | 11,758 (3,734 CC; 8,024 LC) | 59 ± 17 | CRC | HR: 0.52 (0.40–0.66) | Age, sex, county of residence, calendar year, education level, diabetes, coeliac disease |
| MC | Levy et al. [135], 2019 | US | Retrospective cohort study | 221 (112 CC; 109 LC) | 65.7 ± 15.4 | Colorectal neoplasia | OR: 1.07 (0.69–1.66) for tubular adenoma; 1.26 (0.17–9.42) for villous adenomaa | Age, gender, smoking, BMI |
| MC | Sonnenberg et al. [144], 2015 | US | Case–control study | 11,176b | 64.2 ± 13.8 | Colon polyps | OR: 0.46 (0.43–0.49) for hyperplastic polyps; 0.24 (0.19–0.30) for serrated adenomas; 0.35 (0.33–0.38) for tubular adenomas | Age, sex |
| MC | Tontini et al. [143], 2014 | Italy | Prospective cohort study | 43 (30 CC; 13 LC) | 67 ± 15 | Colorectal neoplasia | OR: 0.22 (0.05–0.97) | NA |
| MC | Yen et al. [142], 2012 | US | Case–control study | 647 (281 CC; 386 LC) | 68.0 ± 14.7 | CRC and adenoma | OR: 0.34 (0.16–0.73) for CRC; 0.52 (0.39–0.69) for colorectal adenoma | Family history of CRC, tobacco use, alcohol use, BMI |
| MC | Kao et al. [106], 2009 | US | Retrospective analysis | 547 (171 CC; 376 LC) | 61.7c | CRC | NAd | NA |
| CC | Chan et al. [137], 1999 | US | NAe | 117 | 61 ± 13 | CRC | NAd | Age, race, sex, calendar time |
| CC | Larsson et al. [141], 2019 | UK; Sweden | Two-stage observational study | 738; 1141 | 68 (58–77); 67 (57–76)f | Colon cancer | SIR: 0.23 | Year of onset, sex, age group |
| CC | Bonderup et al. [136], 1999 | Denmark | Retrospective follow-upg | 24 | NA | CRC | NAd | NA |
MC, microscopic colitis; CC, collagenous colitis; LC, lymphocytic colitis; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; CRC, colorectal cancer; SD, standard deviation; RR, relative risk; HR, hazard ratio; BMI, body mass index; NA, not available; SIR, standardized incidence ratio.
Compared with the general US population, MC was not associated with an increased risk of CRC in either men (SIR 1.59, 95% CI 0.27–5.24) or women (SIR 1.97, 95% CI 0.86–3.89).
No numbers reported for CC and LC respectively.
No SD reported.
All these studies did not report cases of CRC.
A study reporting on the incidence of cancer in CC.
The interquartile range (IQR) is reported instead of SD.
A retrospective follow-up of patients with CC diagnosed during 1979–1990.