TABLE 2.

List of drugs inhibiting ER stress.

1	Drug name	Mechanism of inhibition	References
2	4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA)	Suppressing oxidative stress by attenuating ER stress	Kim et al. (2020), Choi et al. (2021)
3	Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)	Stabilizing unfolded proteins to prevent their aggregation from the induction of autophagy	Ozcan et al. (2006)
4	Benzodiazepines	Selectively suppressing cell death associated with the IRE1 pathway though modulating phosphorylation of ASK1 and inhibiting downstream activation of JNK and p38 MAPK.	Kim et al. (2009), Zou et al. (2015)
5	Baicalein	Attenuating pyroptosis, alleviating ER stress-mediated apoptosis to activate the autophagy process	Wu et al. (2020)
6	1-Deoxymannojirimycin	Inhibiting N-glycan processing in the ER to attenuate ER stress-induced cell death	Lu et al. (2006), Miyake and Nagai (2009)
7	Toyocamycin	IRE1 RNase inhibitors	Chien et al. (2014)
8	3-Ethoxy-5,6-dibromosa-licylaldehyde	A salicylaldehyde analog, IRE1 RNase inhibitors	Volkmann et al. (2011), Chien et al. (2014)
		A non-competitive inhibitor with respect to the XBP-1 RNA substrate
9	SFT-083010	Aldehyde-based covalent as the inhibitors of the IRE1α′s RNase	Papandreou et al. (2011), Mimura et al. (2012)
10	MKC-3946	Inhibiting IRE1α′s RNase	Mimura et al. (2012), Zhang et al. (2014), Sun et al. (2016)
11	4u8c	Inhibiting IRE1α′s RNase	Nelson et al. (2018), Wang et al. (2019a), Cao et al. (2019)
12	GSK2606414	Inhibiting PERK’s kinase	Axten et al. (2013)
13	GSK2656157	An ATP-competitive inhibitor of PERK enzyme	Axten et al. (2013)
14	Geldanamycin	Inhibiting GRP 94	Marcu et al. (2002)
		Nonspecific HSP 90 inhibitor
15	17-AAG (Phases I–III), SNX-5422 (Phase I), CNF 2024 (Phase II), and NVP-AUY922 (Phases I/II)	Specific HSP 90 inhibitor	Duerfeldt et al. (2012)
16	Overexpression of BiP1 or BiP3	Impede the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER	Otero et al. (2010)