Figure 4.

WASH sector simplified causal pathway. Outcomes are usually defined as depending on participant behaviour, whereas outputs are usually the direct consequences of WASH provision. In this schema, therefore, outcomes are behavioural, whereas outputs providing access to WASH are often technological. However, some intervention mechanisms aim to stimulate access by encouraging behaviour (e.g., construction of latrines or wells), so the distinction is not always clear cut. WASH, water, sanitation and hygiene