Figure 13.

Effects of dietary NTs on the growth of L. casei in vitro. (A) The growth curve of L. casei was fitted by Modified Gompertz and Modified Logistic equation. (a) Addition of 5'-CMP; (b) Addition of 5'-AMP; (c) Addition of 5'-GMPNa₂; (d) Addition of 5'-UMPNa₂. (B) The effect of NTs on the biofilm of L. casei observed by optical microscope (a–e) and CLSM (f–j). (a, f) Control; (b, g) Addition of 4.0% 5'-CMP; (c, h) Addition of 4.0% 5'-AMP; (d, i) Addition of 4.0% 5'-GMPNa₂; (e, j) Addition of 4.0% 5'-UMPNa₂. (C) Effect of NTs on the content and chemical composition of EPS produced by L. casei. (a) Control; (b) Addition of 5'-CMP; (c) Addition of 5'-AMP; (d) Addition of 5'-GMPNa₂; (e) Addition of 5'-UMPNa₂. (D) Effect of NTs on anti-biofilm activity of crude extracts of L. casei. (E) Results of RT-qPCR. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.001.