Table 5.2.

Classes of antiviral agents in the pipeline for HBV

Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs)

Capsid assembly inhibitors or modulators (CAM)

Entry inhibitor

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

Nucleic acid polymers (NAPs)

HBsAg inhibitors

s-Antigen transport inhibiting oligonucleotide polymers (STOPs)

Antisense molecules

Nucleoside analogs

Indirect-acting agents (immune therapy)

Therapeutic vaccines

Innate immune stimulation

TLR-8 agonist

TLR-7 agonist

Host acting pathway

Apoptosis inducer

Cyclophilin inhibitor

Gene editing

Gene-editing CRISPR/Cas 9

Gene-editing ARCUS platform

Other mechanisms

Monoclonal antibody

FXR agonist

Host targeting antisense (LNA)

PD-L1

Cell immunotherapy

MicroRNA

Nucleic acid-directed HBV cell killing