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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 7.
Published in final edited form as: Climacteric. 2021 Feb 22;24(4):350–358. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1882418

Table 1.

Clinical trials and observational studies relevant to menopausal hormone therapy and cognition, memory, or Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Study NCT number (ClinicalTrials.gov) Study type Initiation year Outcome References
WHI NCT00000611 Randomized trial 1992 Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis 30
WHIMS NCT00685009 Randomized trial, ancillary study of WHI 1996 Memory 27
WHIMS-Y NCT01124773 Randomized trial, ancillary study of WHI 2009 Cognitive function 28
KEEPS and KEEPS-Cog (ancillary study of KEEPS) NCT00154180 Randomized trial 2005 Atherosclerosis (KEEPS) Cognitive function and mood (KEEPS-Cog) 17,18,58,70
ELITE and ELITE-Cog (ancillary study of ELITE) NCT00114517 Randomized trial 2004 Atherosclerosis (ELITE) Cognitive function (ELITE-Cog) 15,16
Cache County Study Observational 1995 AD 3,7
MIRAGE NCT00239759 Observational 2002 AD 9,82

ELITE, Early vs. Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol; ELITE-Cog, ELITE study including cognitive change; KEEPS, Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study; KEEPS-Cog, KEEPS-Cognitive and Affective Study; MIRAGE, Multi-Institutional Research in Alzheimer’s Genetic Epidemiology; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative; WHIMS, WHI Memory Study; WHIMS-Y, WHIMS of Youngest Women.