TABLE 4.

Relative abundances of significant (P ≤ 0.05) colon-associated bacterial and fungal species detected postweaning (i.e., day 51 of age) in male piglets fed with human milk (HM) or milk formula (MF) during the preweaning period from day 2 until day 21 of age.

Distal colon luminal microbial species
	Mean% abundance ± SEM
Species	HM	MF	P-value
Bacteroides stercoris	2.435 ± 0.581	0.448 ± 0.092	< 0.01
Bacteroides capillosus	1.159 ± 0.147	1.768 ± 0.197	0.04
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	1.068 ± 0.127	2.015 ± 0.303	0.01
Bacteroides finegoldii	0.322 ± 0.028	0.231 ± 0.021	0.02
Acidaminococcus fermentans	0.212 ± 0.014	0.307 ± 0.041	0.03
Pedobacter heparinus	0.209 ± 0.019	0.145 ± 0.013	0.01
Bacteroides sp. 9 1 42FAA	0.201 ± 0.013	0.147 ± 0.012	0.01
Slackia heliotrinireducens	0.188 ± 0.016	0.236 ± 0.016	0.05
Capnocytophaga ochracea	0.181 ± 0.025	0.110 ± 0.013	0.02
Fibrobacter succinogenes	0.160 ± 0.007	0.188 ± 0.010	0.04
Bacteroides sp. 1 1 14	0.147 ± 0.049	0.061 ± 0.007	< 0.01
Spirochaeta smaragdinae	0.120 ± 0.027	0.211 ± 0.042	0.04
Bifidobacterium longum	0.113 ± 0.009	0.143 ± 0.009	0.03
Distal colon luminal fungal species
Yarrowia lipolytica	7.920 ± 1.061	5.010 ± 0.564	0.04
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.844 ± 0.563	4.908 ± 0.623	0.04
Ustilago maydis	2.064 ± 0.354	3.732 ± 0.462	0.03
Nectria haematococca	1.004 ± 0.252	2.352 ± 0.328	0.01
Aspergillus terreus	0.725 ± 0.231	1.534 ± 0.277	0.04
Laccaria bicolor	0.502 ± 0.216	1.943 ± 0.464	0.03
Malassezia globosa	0.502 ± 0.200	1.176 ± 0.256	0.05

P-values were determined by Mann–Whitney test.