Table 5.
Baseline characteristics (completers vs non-completers)
| Group | Complete | Non-complete | Difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean | Effect (d) | t (df) | p | ||
| Engagement | 2019 | 7.10 (0.90) | 98 | 7.21 (0.93) | 130 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.821 (226) | 0.412 |
| 2020 | 7.26 (1.09) | 63 | 7.24 (1.00) | 56 | − 0.02 | − 0.02 | − 0.088 (117) | 0.930 | |
| Instruction | 2019 | 7.29 (0.82) | 98 | 7.26 (0.97) | 130 | − 0.03 | − 0.03 | − 0.266 (226) | 0.790 |
| 2020 | 7.42 (0.98) | 63 | 7.39 (0.98) | 56 | − 0.03 | − 0.03 | − 0.179 (117) | 0.858 | |
| Management | 2019 | 7.52 (0.84) | 98 | 7.62 (0.92) | 130 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.829 (226) | 0.408 |
| 2020 | 7.51 (1.02) | 63 | 7.61 (0.91) | 56 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.558 (117) | 0.578 | |
| Morale | 2019 | 4.11 (0.75) | 98 | 3.99 (0.91) | 130 | − 0.12 | − 0.14 | − 1.060 (226) | 0.290 |
| 2020 | 4.12 (0.75) | 63 | 4.16 (0.76) | 56 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.292 (117) | 0.771 | |
| Appraisal and recognition | 2019 | 3.84 (0.84) | 98 | 3.65 (0.97) | 130 | − 0.19 | − 0.21 | − 1.551 (226) | 0.122 |
| 2020 | 3.66 (1.01) | 63 | 3.67 (1.04) | 56 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.060 (117) | 0.953 | |
| Experience | 2019 | 13.21 (9.85) | 98 | 10.74 (8.73) | 130 | − 2.47 | − 0.27 | − 2.005 (226) | 0.046 |
| 2020 | 10.05 (8.15) | 63 | 10.18 (8.58) | 56 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.085 (117) | 0.932 | |
| ICSEA | 2019 | 1013 (78.37) | 98 | 988 (81.79) | 130 | − 25 | − 0.31 | − 2.402 (226) | 0.017 |
| 2020 | 1016 (78.26) | 63 | 1012 (76.52) | 56 | − 4 | − 0.05 | − 0.274 (117) | 0.784 | |