Table II.
Summary of targeting antioxidant system agents as radiosensitizers.
| Name | Mechanism of effect | Types of cancer | Stages of development | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfasalazine | Inhibits SLC7A11 | Lung cancer | In vivo (A549, patient-derived xenograft) | (65) |
| RSL3 | Inhibits GPX4 | Lung cancer | In vitro (A549) | (65) |
| Auranofin | Inhibits Trxr | Liver cancer, breast cancer | In vitro (Huh7, HepG2), In vivo (4T1, EMT6) | (72,130) |
| Platinum complexes | Inhibits Trxr | Melanoma | In vitro (A375) | (20) |
| Selenadiazole | Inhibits Trxr | Melanoma, cervical cancer | In vitro (A375, HeLa) | (131,132) |
| ML385 | Inhibits Nrf2 | Breast cancer | In vitro (SUM149, SUM159) | (124) |
| IM3829 | Inhibits Nrf2 | Lung cancer | In vitro (H1299, A549) | (126) |
| Brusatol | Inhibits Nrf2 | Lung cancer | In vitro (A549) | (125) |
| Halofuginone | Inhibits Nrf2 | Lung cancer | In vitro (A549), In vivo (A549) | (127) |
| Butyrate | Activates FoxO3a | Colorectal cancer | In vitro (primary cancer) | (128) |
| Resveratrol | Activates FoxO3a | Cervical cancer | In vitro (HeLa) | (129) |
| Lapatinib | Inhibits EGFR or ErbB2 | Pancreas adenocarcinoma | In vivo (Capan-2) | (134) |
| Icotinib | Inhibits EGFR | Lung cancer | In vivo (H1650) | (135) |
| APG-115 | Inhibits MDM2-p53 | Gastric cancer | In vivo (MKN45) | (136) |
SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11; ErbB, Erb-b receptor tyrosine kinase; FoxO, forkhead box protein O; GPX4, glutathione reductase 4; Trxr, thioredoxin reductase; Nrf2, nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2; EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor.