TABLE 3.
Characteristics of included studies investigating the relation between COVID-19 and financial status1
| Study ID | Country | Study type | Sample size | Sample characteristics | Assessment tool | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evanoff et al. 2020 (52) | USA | Cross-sectional | 5550 | Age: not specified Sex (F): 4274 (77.3%) Occupation/characteristics: Benefits-eligible university faculty, staff, and postdoctoral scholars | Worse financial well-being due to COVID-19-related work or life changes, n (%) | Significant increase in worse financial well-being for 1732 (31.4%) P < 0.001 |
| Wilson et al. 2020 (55) | USA | Cross-sectional | 474 | Age: median 40 (19–85) y Sex (F): 218 (46.4%)Occupation/characteristics: Currently employed adults | Questionnaire | Job insecurity:Not worried: 19.6%Slightly worried: 18.8% Some what worried: 23.2%Worried: 16.6%Very worried: 21.9% P value NR Financial concern over next 12 mo: Some degree of concern: 31.9%P value NR |
| Wanberg et al. 2020 (57) | USA | Longitudinal observational | 1143 | Age: 30–81 y Sex (F): 635 (55.6%) Occupation/characteristics: RAND American Life Panel, general population | Questionnaire | Laid off due to COVID-19: 40 (3.5%) Furloughed due to COVID-19: 32 (2.8%) P value NR |
| Donnelly and Farina 2020 (58) | USA | Cross-sectional | State-specific sample size ranging from 11,279 (Wyoming) to 77,811 (California) | Age: 44.4 ± 11.86 [18–65] y Sex (F): 61.76% Occupation/characteristics: General population | National survey | Reduction in household income after 13 March 2020: 45% of the analytic sampleP value NR |
| McDowell et al. 2020 (59) | USA | Cross-sectional | 2303 | Age: 18–75 y Sex (F): 1520 (66%) Occupation/characteristics: Adults in employment before COVID-19 | Working status | Lost employment due to pandemic: 13%P value NR |
| Almandoz et al. 2020 (61) | USA (Texas) | Cross-sectional | 123 | Age: 51.2 ± 13.0 ySex (F): 107 (87%)Occupation/characteristics: Adults with obesity | Survey/questionnaire | Lost job since COVID-19: 11 (9.6%)P value NR |
| García-Alvarez et al. 2020 (60) | Spain | Cross-sectional | 21,207 | Age: 39.7 ± 14.0 ySex (F): 14,768 (69.6%)Occupation/characteristics: General population | Questionnaire | Reduction in income due to COVID-19:Up to 25%: 2292 (10.8%)26–50%: 1367 (6.4%)51–100%: 1738 (8.2%)Income increase: 133 (0.6%)P value NR Job loss:Temporary or permanent lay off: 1871 (8.9%)Dismissal: 390 (1.9%)Forced vacation: 954 (4.5%)P value NR |
| Gualano et al. 2020 (62) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 1515 | Age: Median: 42 (IQR: 23) ySex (F): 973 (65.6%)Occupation/characteristics: General population | Questionnaire | Fear of losing employment:No: 543 (85.4%)Yes: 93 (14.6%)P value NR Income reduction:No: 46 (23.5%)Yes: 150 (76.5%)P value NR Job situation:Lay off: 98 (6.5%)Lost job: 18 (1.2%)P value NR |
| Song et al. 2020 (54) | China | Cross-sectional | 709 | Age: 35.35 ± 6.61 ySex (F): 526 (74.2%)Occupation/characteristics: Working adults, not infected | Questionnaire | Income change:Decrease: 244 (34.4%)No change: 436 (61.5%)Increase: 39 (4.1%)P value NR Some degree of worry about unemployment caused by COVID-19: 251 (35.5%) |
| Guo et al 2020 (53) | China | Cross-sectional | 506 | Age: 33.5 (14.0) Sex (F): 289 (57.1%) Occupation/characteristics: Patients with skin disease | Questionnaire | Decrease or loss of income in 317 (62.6%) during lockdown. P-value NR |
| Nienhuis and Lesser, 2020 (56) | Canada | Cross-sectional | 1098 | Age: 42 ± 15 Sex (F): 871 (79.3%) Occupation./characteristics: General population | Questionnaire | Change in work due to pandemic Men: 43% Women: 60% P-value NR Employment Status Post-COVID No change: 43.2% Reduced hours: 10% Remote work: 32.1% Loss of employment: 14.7% P-value NR |
1
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NR, not reported.