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. 2022 Mar 31;2022:8517603. doi: 10.1155/2022/8517603

Table 8.

Effect of GutGard on urine parameters of female rats during 90 D oral toxicity study.

Parameter Dose (mg/kg)
0 0 (Rev)$ 250 500 1000 1000 (Rev)$
Volume (ml) 4.71 ± 0.38 5.06 ± 0.65 5.13 ± 0.27 5.21 ± 0.31 4.89 ± 0.48 4.96 ± 0.82
Glucose (mmol/L) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00
Bilirubin (mmol/L) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00
Ketones (mmol/L) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00
Sp.Gr. (g/L) 1.028 ± 0.003 1.028 ± 0.003 1.028 ± 0.003 1.029 ± 0.002 1.029 ± 0.002 1.027 ± 0.003
OB (ca CELL/μL) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00
pH 6.25 ± 0.26 6.30 ± 0.27 6.20 ± 0.26 6.25 ± 0.26 6.25 ± 0.26 6.30 ± 0.27
URB (mmol/L) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00
Nitrite 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00

Mean ± SD (n = 10); $n = 5. Rev.: reversal; OB: occult blood; URB: urobilinogen; Sp.Gr.: specific gravity.