. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Aging Health. 2021 Oct 8;34(4-5):529–538. doi: 10.1177/08982643211046820

Table 3.

Associations Between Psychological Well-Being (per 1SD Increase) and Cognition, MGCIPL and Brain Aging

	Model 1 ^a	Model 2 ^b
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)

Cognitive impairment ^c	0.56 (0.46, 0.69)^***	0.60 (0.47, 0.76)^***

	B (95% CI)	B (95% CI)

Cognitive score, in SD ^d	0.09 (0.06,0.13)^***	0.07 (0.03, 0.11)^***

MGCIPL thickness, in μm ^e	0.36 (0.03,0.70)^*	0.33 (−0.05,0.71)^†

Brain aging score, in SD ^d	0.11 (0.07,0.14)^***	0.08 (0.04,0.12)^***

^†

p < .10;

p < .05;

^**

p < .01;

^***

p < .001.

Note: SD, standard deviation; OR, odds ratio; mGCIPL, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer

Model adjusted for age, sex and education

Model adjusted for age, sex, education, chronic health conditions and health behaviors (smoking, history of heavy alcohol consumption, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, long-term elevated inflammation, exercise and waist circumference)

Multivariable logistic regression model

Multivariable linear regression model

Generalized estimating equation model