Table 2.

The UCM, the path length and the DFA scaling exponent (α) results are shown as mean ± standard deviation.

UCM⊥in rad2/dof	JAW	TON	HAB	p	${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$ or ϕc
B	0.0134 ± 0.0124	0.0125 ± 0.0052	0.0134 ± 0.0064	0.305*	0.157*
F	0.0107 ± 0.0041	0.0127 ± 0.0060	0.0126 ± 0.0052	0.466	0.033
I	0.0173 ± 0.0144	0.0161 ± 0.0085	0.0163 ± 0.0077	0.947	0.002
C	0.0178 ± 0.0113	0.0149 ± 0.0062	0.0179 ± 0.0059	0.514	0.029
UCM Ratio	JAW	TON	HAB	p	${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$
B	0.2092 ± 0.3179	0.2362 ± 0.2020	0.1852 ± 0.2710	0.865	0.006
F	0.2516 ± 0.3194	0.2204 ± 0.3176	0.1022 ± 0.2482	0.333	0.048
I	0.2492 ± 0.2663	0.2967 ± 0.1652	0.2095 ± 0.2653	0.585	0.024
C	0.1791 ± 0.4335	0.2373 ± 0.2096	0.1634 ± 0.2664	0.788	0.011
Path length in mm	JAW	TON	HAB	p	${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$
B	325.21 ± 174.28	408.17 ± 277.49	329.38 ± 119.33	0.429	0.037
F	267.15 ± 112.13	381.38 ± 253.10	304.44 ± 124.28	0.182	0.073
I	369.18 ± 186.20	423.32 ± 219.60	344.73 ± 125.14	0.461	0.034
C	366.66 ± 154.83	428.83 ± 295.28	395.59 ± 117.34	0.692	0.016
Scaling component, α	JAW	TON	HAB	p	${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$
B	1.68 ± 0.12	1.74 ± 0.09	1.76 ± 0.11	0.103	0.096
F	1.73 ± 0.08	1.75 ± 0.09	1.73 ± 0.08	0.724	0.014
I	1.73 ± 0.08	1.72 ± 0.08	1.74 ± 0.09	0.821	0.009
C	1.72 ± 0.09	1.70 ± 0.10	1.71 ± 0.08	0.689	0.016

The p-values and the effect sizes for group comparisons are represented in the last two columns. The asterisks (*) indicate the Kruskal-Wallis and Cramer's V (ϕ_c) calculations [otherwise a one-way ANOVA and partial eta squared (${\eta }_p^{\mathrm{\text{2}}}$) were calculated]. The level of significance was set a priori to p <0.05. JAW, jaw clenching; TON, tongue pressing; HAB, habitual; B, backwards; F, forwards; I, Ipsilateral; C, contralateral; dof, degrees of freedom.