TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variable | Total N = 940 | Non‐hypertension N = 621 | Hypertension N = 319 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | |||
| °Age, year | 36.82 ± 7.76 | 34.73 ± 7.52 | 40.88 ± 6.52 a |
| °BMI, kg/m2 | 26.25 ± 3.89 | 25.59 ± 3.86 | 27.54 ± 3.62 a |
| °Waist, cm | 89.68 ± 9.74 | 88.08 ± 9.66 | 92.79 ± 9.13 a |
| °Hip, cm | 98.46 ± 7.18 | 97.80 ± 7.17 | 99.73 ± 7.05 a |
| °Waist: hip ratio | .91 ± .06 | .90 ± .06 | .93 ± .06 a |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| °FBG, mmol/L | 5.50 ± .94 | 5.39 ± .87 | 5.73 ± 1.04 a |
| °TC, mmol/L | 4.79 ± 1.09 | 4.69 ± 1.11 | 5.00 ± 1.02 a |
| °TG, mmol/L | 1.19 (.83, 1.91) | 1.10 (.80, 1.72) | 1.39 (.97, 2.35) a |
| °HDL, mmol/L | 1.37 ± .36 | 1.38 ± .38 | 1.35 ± .32 |
| °LDL, mmol/L | 2.81 ± .81 | 2.75 ± .85 | 2.93 ± .73 a |
| °Hs‐Crp | −1.26 (−4.61, .41) | −1.11 (−4.61, .53) | −1.56 (−4.61, .15) a |
| °Smoke, n (%) | 607 (64.57) | 412 (66.34) | 195 (61.13) |
| °Drink, n (%) | 652 (69.36) | 421 (67.79) | 231 (72.41) |
| °Physical activity, n (%) | 350 (37.23) | 245 (39.45) | 105 (32.92) a |
| °Diabetes, n (%) | 65 (7.27) | 25 (4.33) | 40 (12.66) |
| Medications, n (%). | |||
| °Antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 93 (9.89) | — | 93 (32.75) |
| BP (measured seated) | |||
| °SBP, mmHg | 131.35 ± 12.21 | 136.43 ± 8.77 | 140.92 ± 12.30 a |
| °DBP, mmHg | 81.50 ± 9.09 | 77.94 ± 6.86 | 88.42 ± 8.90 a |
| °MAP, mmHg | 98.11 ± 9.38 | 94.10 ± 6.53 | 105.92 ± 9.16 a |
| Pre‐exercise: Arterial stiffness and hemodynamics (measured supine) | |||
| °baPWV, cm/s | 1375.08 ± 209.09 | 1316.65 ± 172.76 | 1488.84 ± 226.40 a |
| °HR, bpm | 80.24 ± 12.54 | 79.42 ± 12.35 | 81.85 ± 12.76 a |
| °Brachial SBP, mmHg | 131.84 ± 15.97 | 127.33 ± 13.73 | 140.63 ± 16.40 a |
| °Brachial DBP, mmHg | 78.99 ± 11.27 | 75.31 ± 9.69 | 86.15 ± 10.69 a |
| °Brachial MAP, mmHg | 99.09 ± 12.91 | 95.01 ± 10.75 | 107.03 ± 13.09 a |
| °Ankle SBP, mmHg | 141.82± ± 19.80 | 135.77 ± 16.02 | 153.59 ± 21.13 a |
| °Ankle DBP, mmHg | 74.39 ± 11.35 | 70.76 ± 9.97 | 81.48 ± 10.52 a |
| °Ankle MAP, mmHg | 96.60 ± 12.77 | 92.40 ± 10.60 | 104.75 ± 12.69 a |
Note: Values expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%) as appropriate.
Abbreviations: baPWV, brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate.; hsCrp, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
a
Indicates a significant between‐group difference.