TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total | Frequency of tooth brushing | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | (N = 8139) | 0/d (n = 456) | <1/d (n = 596) | 1/d (n = 4819) | > = 2/d (n = 2268) | p |
| Rural, % | 5421 (66.6) | 344 (75.4) | 427 (71.6) | 3402 (70.6) | 1248 (55.0) | <.001 |
| Age at baseline, years | 44.52 ± 15.16 | 61.61 ± 14.18 | 51.63 ± 14.09 | 44.07 ± 14.16 | 40.12 ± 14.64 | <.001 |
| Male, % | 3862 (47.5) | 239 (52.4) | 309 (51.8) | 2360 (49.0) | 954 (42.1) | <.001 |
| Hanzu, % | 4778 (58.7) | 254 (55.7) | 331 (55.5) | 2741 (56.9) | 1452 (64.0) | <.001 |
| Marriage, % | <.001 | |||||
| Married | 6538 (80.3) | 349 (76.5) | 508 (85.2) | 4020 (83.4) | 1661 (73.2) | |
| Unmarried | 771 (9.5) | 13 (2.9) | 19 (3.2) | 353 (7.3) | 386 (17.0) | |
| Others | 830 (10.2) | 94 (20.6) | 69 (11.6) | 446 (9.3) | 221 (9.7) | |
| Occupation, % | <.001 | |||||
| Farmer | 4639 (57.0) | 323 (70.8) | 478 (80.2) | 3054 (63.4) | 784 (34.6) | |
| Other | 2262 (27.8) | 38 (8.3) | 79 (13.3) | 1143 (23.7) | 1002 (44.2) | |
| Unemployed or retired | 1238 (15.2) | 95 (20.8) | 39 (6.5) | 622 (12.9) | 482 (21.3) | |
| Education, % | <.001 | |||||
| None | 1683 (20.7) | 277 (60.7) | 251 (42.1) | 986 (20.5) | 169 (7.5) | |
| 1–6 years | 2981 (36.6) | 140 (30.7) | 272 (45.6) | 2015 (41.8) | 554 (24.4) | |
| 7–9 years | 2400 (29.5) | 33 (7.2) | 66 (11.1) | 1438 (29.8) | 863 (38.1) | |
| 10 years and above | 1075 (13.2) | 6 (1.3) | 7 (1.2) | 380 (7.9) | 682 (30.1) | |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| Smoking habit, % | <.001 | |||||
| Current smoker | 2328 (28.6) | 159 (34.9) | 214 (35.9) | 1411 (29.3) | 544 (24.0) | |
| Past smoker | 218 (2.7) | 13 (2.9) | 16 (2.7) | 124 (2.6) | 65 (2.9) | |
| Never smoked | 5593 (68.7) | 284 (62.3) | 366 (61.4) | 3284 (68.1) | 1659 (73.1) | |
| Alcohol use, % | 2617 (32.2) | 151 (33.1) | 235 (39.4) | 1475 (30.6) | 756 (33.3) | <.001 |
| Sports (10 min/day and more), % | 7077 (87.0) | 368 (80.7) | 554 (93.0) | 4184 (86.8) | 1971 (86.9) | <.001 |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||||
| BMI a , kg/m2 | 22.88 ± 3.35 | 21.81 ± 3.24 | 22.69 ± 3.17 | 22.9 ± 3.34 | 23.09 ± 3.39 | <.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 125.47 ± 21.15 | 134.43 ± 23.7 | 128.72 ± 21.74 | 125.5 ± 20.92 | 122.76 ± 20.29 | <.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.37 ± 11.96 | 80.59 ± 12.47 | 79.28 ± 11.65 | 78.25 ± 12.01 | 77.95 ± 11.79 | <.001 |
| Comorbity | ||||||
| HTN | 2124 (26.1) | 191 (41.9) | 184 (30.9) | 1214 (25.2) | 535 (23.6) | <.001 |
| T2DM | 687 (8.4) | 50 (11.0) | 57 (9.6) | 355 (7.4) | 225 (9.9) | <.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4694 (57.7) | 214 (46.9) | 322 (54.0) | 2697 (56.0) | 1461 (64.4) | <.001 |
| Oral health status | ||||||
| No loss of teeth b , % | 6081 (74.7) | 250 (54.8) | 364 (61.1) | 3709 (77.0) | 1758 (77.5) | <.001 |
| Gum bleeding c , % | <.001 | |||||
| Never | 5597 (68.8) | 404 (88.6) | 420 (70.5) | 3333 (69.2) | 1440 (63.5) | |
| Sometimes | 2282 (28.0) | 46 (10.1) | 163 (27.3) | 1341 (27.8) | 732 (32.3) | |
| Always | 251 (3.1) | 6 (1.3) | 12 (2.0) | 140 (2.9) | 93 (4.1) | |
| Oral hygiene care | ||||||
| Dental visit for any reasons d , % | 331 (4.1) | 16 (3.6) | 18 (3.1) | 154 (3.2) | 143 (6.5) | <.001 |
| Deatal visit for professional cleaning e , %△ | 85 (1.0) | 0 (.0) | 1 (.2) | 31 (.6) | 53 (2.4) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressur; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In total, aBMI was missing for eight participants, bno loss of teeth was missing for 91 participants, cgum bleeding was missing for nine participants, ddental visit for any reasons was missing for 169 participants and edeatal visit for professional cleaning was missing for 104 participants.