TABLE 2.
The association between oral hygiene and incident hypertension
| Incident density/1000 PYs | Unadjusted Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/n | HR (95%CI) | P‐trend | HR (95%CI) | P‐trend | HR (95%CI) | P‐trend | HR (95%CI) | P‐trend | ||
| Gum bleeding | .028 | .348 | .411 | .581 | ||||||
| Never | 854/3790 | 31.67 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Sometimes | 322/1637 | 27.09 | .83 (.73, .95)** | .90 (.79, 1.03) | .93 (.81, 1.06) | .93 (.81, 1.06) | ||||
| Always | 39/179 | 31.02 | .99 (.72, 1.36) | 1.09 (.79, 1.50) | 1.02 (.74, 1.41) | 1.02 (.74, 1.41) | ||||
| Tooth integrity | <.001 | .275 | .072 | .075 | ||||||
| Complete | 911/4316 | 29.24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Incomplete | 286/1231 | 28.68 | 1.30 (1.13, 1.48)*** | .92 (.8, 1.07) | .88 (.76, 1.01) | .88 (.76, 1.01) | ||||
| Frequency of tooth brush (times/day) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 93/255 | 55.15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| <1 | 100/387 | 37.48 | .64 (.48, .86)** | .89 (.67, 1.19) | .80 (.60, 1.08) | .80 (.59, 1.08) | ||||
| 1 | 769/3361 | 32.22 | .47 (.37, .58)*** | .81 (.64, 1.02) | .77 (.60, .97)* | .77 (.60, .98)* | ||||
| ≥2 | 253/1608 | 21.19 | .29 (.23, .37)*** | .58 (.44, .75)*** | .54 (.41, .71)*** | .55 (.42, .73)*** | ||||
| Dental visit for any reasons | .986 | .562 | .405 | .660 | ||||||
| <1/year | 45/219 | 29.51 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| ≥1/year | 1147/5273 | 30.40 | 1.00 (.74, 1.35) | 1.09 (.81, 1.48) | 1.14 (.84, 1.54) | 1.07 (.79, 1.45) | ||||
Note: Model1 was adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex; Model2 was adjusted for the variables listed in the Model1 as well as location, ethic group, marriage, occupation, education, smoking status, alcohol use, sport and BMI (kg/m2); Model3 was adjusted for the variables listed in the Model2 as well as baseline T2DM, and dyslipidemia.
Cases: The number of incident hypertension in participants in the corresponding subgroup.
n: The number of participants in the corresponding subgroup.
Abbreviations: 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PYs, person‐years.
*
p < .05, **p < .01., ***p < .001.