TABLE 3.

The association between oral hygiene and incident T2DM

		Incident density/1000 PYs	Unadjusted Model		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Oral hygiene	Cases/n		HR (95%CI)	P‐trend	HR (95%CI)	P‐trend	HR (95%CI)	P‐trend	HR (95%CI)	P‐trend
Gum bleeding
Never	561/5100	15.15	1		1		1		1
Sometimes	176/2097	11.06	.72 (.60, .85)***	.008	.76 (.64, .91)**	.062	.78 (.65, .95)**	.080	.82 (.66, 1.01)	.099
Always	28/228	16.74	1.09 (.74, 1.61)		1.20 (.82, 1.77)		1.15 (.78, 1.7)		1.15 (.78, 1.72)
Tooth integrity
Complete	571/5607	13.70	1		1		1		1
Incomplete	189/1746	15.25	1.25 (1.05, 1.47)*	.011	.98 (.82, 1.17)	.818	.97 (.81, 1.16)	.730	.97 (.81, 1.17)	.771
Frequency of tooth brush (times/day)
0	52/405	18.91	1		1		1		1
<1	71/538	18.94	.96 (.67, 1.39)	<.001	1.17 (.81, 1.69)	<.001	1.13 (.78, 1.64)	.001	1.12 (.76, 1.64)	.002
1	489/4453	14.88	.63 (.47, .85)**		.88 (.65, 1.19)		.91 (.67, 1.25)		.94 (.68, 1.29)
≥2	155/2037	10.20	.40 (.29, .56)***		.62 (.44, .87)**		.63 (.44, .91)*		.65 (.45, .94)*
Dental visit for any reasons
<1/year	28/279	13.58	1		1		1		1
≥1/year	723/7002	14.03	1.02 (.69, 1.50)	.941	1.07 (.72, 1.58)	.748	1.12 (.76, 1.67)	.562	1.01 (.84, 1.21)	.927

Note: Model1 was adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex; Model2 was adjusted for the variables listed in the Model1 as well as location, ethic group, marriage, occupation, education, smoking status, alcohol use, sport and BMI (kg/m²); Model3 was adjusted for the variables listed in the Model2 as well as baseline hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Cases: The number of incident T2DM in participants in the corresponding subgroup.

n: The number of participants in the corresponding subgroup.

Abbreviations: 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PYs, person‐years.

^* p < .05, **p < .01., ***p < .001.