Table 1:
Characteristics of Assisted Living Medicare-Eligible Residents: By Residents’ Race and Ethnicity
| AL Residents | p-value | Total Sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | Hispanic | |||
| Number of AL residents (%) | 234,287 (91.2) | 13,164 (5.2) | 8,113 (3.1) | 255,564 (100) | |
| Outcome Variables | |||||
| Pct. with any hospital admission | 27.8 | 25.8 | 26.1 | *** | 27.7 |
| Pct. with any ER visits | 47.8 | 46.4 | 41.9 | *** | 47.5 |
| Pct. NH placement (>100 days) | 3.9 | 5.7 | 4.5 | *** | 4.0 |
| Pct. with 30-day inpatient readmission | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.4 | *** | 5.5 |
| Individual Characteristics | |||||
| Age (SD) | 83.7 (9.68) | 73.3 (10.52) | 75.8 (10.47) | *** | 82.9 (10.1) |
| Pct. female | 66.2 | 51.2 | 56.1 | *** | 65.1 |
| Pct. dually eligible | 13.9 | 47.5 | 47.9 | *** | 16.7 |
| No. chronic conditions (SD) | 14.60 (6.10) | 13.62 (8.00) | 13.43 (8.76) | *** | |
| Pct. diagnosed with: (1) | |||||
| Alzheimer’s disease & related dementias (ADRD) | 47.9 | 46.0 | 46.3 | *** | 47.7 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 40.1 | 36.7 | 38.4 | *** | 39.8 |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) | 47.4 | 42.3 | 40.6 | *** | 46.9 |
| Diabetes | 41.8 | 59.1 | 57.5 | *** | 43.2 |
| Mobility impairment | 11.1 | 17.5 | 11.8 | *** | 11.5 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 52.6 | 55.7 | 49.1 | *** | 52.6 |
| Hip fracture (in CY2018) | 3.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 | *** | 2.9 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 65.1 | 54.6 | 56.7 | *** | 64.3 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 78.7 | 58.1 | 61.6 | *** | 77.1 |
| Stroke (in CY2018) | 8.4 | 10.7 | 7.4 | *** | 8.5 |
| Anxiety/depression | 66.1 | 59.9 | 61.4 | *** | 65.6 |
| Mental illness (2) | 21.1 | 37.1 | 33.3 | *** | 22.3 |
| Obesity | 26.3 | 33.3 | 30.7 | *** | 26.8 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) | 49.4 | 46.5 | 45 | *** | 49.1 |
| Pressure ulcers (in CY2018) | 12.9 | 11.7 | 12.6 | *** | 12.8 |
| Cataracts | 83.6 | 54.5 | 58.9 | *** | 81.3 |
| Glaucoma | 33.1 | 31.1 | 28.1 | *** | 32.8 |
| Osteoporosis | 42.0 | 16.1 | 28.3 | *** | 40.3 |
| Anemia | 77.4 | 70.4 | 66.8 | *** | 76.7 |
| Hypertension | 90.4 | 86.2 | 79.7 | *** | 89.8 |
| Hypotension | 44.0 | 28.0 | 35.8 | *** | 42.9 |
| Epilepsy | 6.8 | 14.3 | 10.7 | *** | 7.3 |
| Visual impairment | 3.8 | 4.7 | 9.3 | *** | 4.1 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 31.1 | 13.7 | 14.8 | *** | 29.7 |
| Cancer (any) | 22.4 | 15.1 | 13.6 | *** | 21.8 |
| Drug abuse | 7.8 | 16.0 | 10.6 | *** | 8.3 |
Note:
***
p<0.01
**
p<0.05
*
p<0.1
(1)
Unless otherwise noted, chronic conditions refer to diagnoses ever recorded.
(2)
Schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorders.