Table 2.

Results of the 5 short-term change hypotheses. State loneliness, negative affect, positive affect, connectedness, and social threat all changed in the predicted directions to greater extents in the experimental condition than in the control condition.

	State loneliness			Negative affect			Positive affect			Connectedness			Social threat
Predictors	Estimates	CI	p	Estimates	CI	p	Estimates	CI	p	Estimates	CI	p	Estimates	CI	p
Intercept	1.79	1.64 – 1.93	<0.001	6.97	6.51 – 7.43	<0.001	16.83	15.97 – 17.69	<0.001	2.91	2.74 – 3.07	<0.001	1.54	1.40 – 1.68	<0.001
Time (Post-session)	−0.58	−0.72 – −0.44	<0.001	−1.08	−1.42 – −0.73	<0.001	1.61	1.02 – 2.21	<0.001	0.79	0.62 – 0.96	<0.001	−0.25	−0.36 – −0.13	<0.001
Condition (control)	−0.10	−0.31 – 0.11	0.344	−0.41	−1.07 – 0.25	0.222	−0.94	−2.17 – 0.30	0.136	−0.17	−0.40 – 0.07	0.171	−0.11	−0.31 – 0.09	0.281
Time (Post-session): condition (control)	0.39	0.18 – 0.60	<0.001	0.76	0.27 – 1.25	0.003	−1.37	−2.23 – −0.52	0.002	−0.69	−0.93 – −0.45	<0.001	0.23	0.07 – 0.40	0.006
Random effects
σ2	0.34			1.97			5.92			0.46			0.22
τ00	0.23 PID:Presentation_ID			3.11 PID:Presentation_ID			10.29 PID:Presentation_ID			0.44 PID:Presentation_ID			0.31 PID:Presentation_ID
	0.02 Presentation_ID			0.22 Presentation_ID			0.97 Presentation_ID			0.00 Presentation_ID			0.01 Presentation_ID
ICC	0.42			0.63			0.66			NA			0.59
N	249 PID			249 PID			249 PID			249 PID			249 PID
	30 Presentation_ID			30 Presentation_ID			30 Presentation_ID			30 Presentation_ID			30 Presentation_ID
Observations	498			498			498			498			498
Marginal R2/Conditional R2	0.078/0.466			0.030/0.639			0.055/0.674			0.242/NA			0.015/0.599

“PID” refers to participant ID, while “Presentation_ID” refers to the live presentation session in which one participated. Bolded values indicate statistical significance of P < 0.05.