Table 2.

Tourism job characteristics, economic shock, and macro factors by four economic statuses, 2020.

Income category	Tourism job characteristics				Macro economy		Policy support		Economic shock
	Female tourism workers (%)	Youth tourism workers (%)	Sectoral pay gap (%)	Gender pay gap (%)	Unemployment rate 2020 (%)	GINI index1	OxCGRT Economic support index2	The Human Development Index3	Tourism job reduction (%)	Tourism female job reduction (%)	Tourism youth job reduction (%)
High income	44%	16%	−7%	−18%	6.6%	32.0	1.26	0.87	8.0%	8.4%	9.0%
Upper middle income	44%	15%	−6%	−20%	10.1%	42.1	0.58	0.76	15.0%	15.3%	16.5%
Lower middle income	42%	18%	0%	−19%	5.8%	39.2	0.50	0.63	7.6%	7.7%	8.2%
Low income	45%	18%	−10%	−26%	6.3%	37.9	0.36	0.49	4.2%	5.1%	4.6%
p-value of ANOVA test	0.91	0.31	0.04	0.76	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.03	0.05	0.04

Note: ¹The Gini index is a measure of the distribution of income across a population. It has a range of 0 to 1 where a higher Gini index indicates greater inequality. ² The OxCGRT tracked whether the government is providing direct cash payments to people who lose their jobs or cannot work, from May to Dec 2020. The result is recorded in three ways: 0 – no income support; 1 – government is replacing less than 50% of lost salary; 2 – government is replacing 50% or more of lost salary. The larger number indicates that stronger support is provided. 3 The Human Development Index (HDI) proxies the access to education. It has a range of 0 to 1 where 1 represents longer years of schooling.