Table 1.
General characteristics, dietary variables, and WD score between controls and IDC cases, and between controls and ILC cases.
| Control | IDC | p-value1 IDC vs. control |
ILC | p-value1 ILC vs. control |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 48.74 ± 10.48 | 47.2 ± 9.45 | 0.05 | 50.5 ± 10.32 | 0.01 |
| Family history (n%) | |||||
| No | 867 (85.9) | 619 (72.9) | 0.001 | 134 (83.8) | 0.02 |
| Second relative | 54 (5.8) | 70 (8.3) | 14 (8.7) | ||
| First relative | 88 (8.7) | 160 (18.8) | 12 (7.5) | ||
| Smoking (n%) | |||||
| No | 937 (92.9) | 724 (85.3) | < 0.001 | 136 (85.0) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 72 (7.1) | 125 (14.7) | 24 (15.0) | ||
| OCP use (n%) | |||||
| Never | 601 (59.6) | 455 (53.6) | 0.01 | 82 (51.2) | 0.04 |
| Ever | 408 (40.4) | 394 (46.4) | 78 (48.8) | ||
| Chest X-ray history (n%) | |||||
| No | 317 (31.4) | 242 (28.5) | 0.17 | 114 (71.3) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 692 (68.6) | 607 (71.5) | 46 (28.7) | ||
| History of benign breast disease (n%) | |||||
| No | 943 (93.5) | 731 (86.1) | 0.001 | 138 (86.3) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 66 (6.5) | 118 (13.9) | 22 (13.7) | ||
| Physical activity (n%) | |||||
| No | 799 (79.2) | 683 (80.4) | 0.50 | 132 (82.5) | 0.33 |
| Yes | 210 (20.8) | 166 (19.6) | 28 (17.5) | ||
| BMI (n%) | |||||
| Normal (18.50–24.99)^ | 359 (33.2) | 270 (29.8) | 0.001 | 359 (33.2) | 0.56 |
| overweight (25.00 to 29.99) | 489 (48.5) | 373 (43.9) | 489 (48.5) | ||
| Obese (≥ 30.00) | 161 (16.0) | 206 (24.3) | 161 (16.0) | ||
| Age at first delivery (year) (n%) | |||||
| < 18 | 355 (35.2) | 200 (23.6) | 0.001 | 46 (28.8) | 0.50 |
| 18–23 | 284 (28.1) | 254 (29.9) | 52 (32.5) | ||
| 24–30 | 158 (15.7) | 142 (16.7) | 28 (17.4) | ||
| ≥ 31 | 131 (13.0) | 181 (21.3) | 22 (13.8) | ||
| Nulliparous | 81 (8.0) | 72 (8.5) | 12 (7.5) | ||
| Breastfeeding (month) (n%) | |||||
| 0–5 | 184 (18.2) | 204 (24.0) | 0.001 | 30 (18.7) | 0.01 |
| 6–17 | 53 (5.3) | 72 (8.5) | 14 (8.8) | ||
| 18–29 | 128 (12.7) | 114 (13.4) | 20 (12.5) | ||
| 30–41 | 116 (11.5) | 90 (10.6) | 18 (11.2) | ||
| ≥ 42 | 528 (52.3) | 369 (43.5) | 78 (48.8) | ||
| History of miscarriage (n%) | |||||
| No | 694 (68.8) | 567 (66.8) | 0.35 | 94 (58.8) | 0.04 |
| Yes | 315 (31.2) | 282 (33.2) | 66 (41.2) | ||
| Menarche age (year) (n%) | |||||
| < 12 | 138 (13.7) | 131 (15.4) | 0.44 | 38 (23.7) | |
| 12–13 | 431 (42.7) | 343 (40.4) | 64 (40.0) | ||
| ≥ 14 | 440 (43.6) | 375 (44.2) | 58 (36.3) | ||
| Menopausal status (n%) | |||||
| Pre-menopausal | 647 (64.1) | 518 (61.0) | 0.16 | 94 (58.8) | 0.19 |
| Post-menopausal | 362 (35.9) | 331 (39.0) | 66 (41.2) | ||
| Dietary variables (mean ± SD) | |||||
| WDS | 22.42 (4.43) | 24.31 (2.47) | 0.001 | 23.12 (4.13) | 0.06 |
| Energy intake (kcal per day) | 2418.34 ± 602.21 | 2601.36 ± 608.32 | < 0.001 | 2721.14 ± 732.78 | < 0.001 |
| Cream (gram per day) | 2.45 (47.78) | 3.36 (16.07) | 0.001 | 3.58 (5.59) | < 0.001 |
| Egg (gram per day) | 18.05 (15.70) | 19.15 (14.98) | 0.02 | 18.24 (15.03) | 0.04 |
| Red and processed meet (gram per day) | 79.10 (54.07) | 83.52 (51.26) | 0.001 | 83.34 (58.24) | 0.001 |
| Butter (gram per day) | 4.92 (8.62) | 12.98 (8.79) | < 0.001 | 12.78 (7.22) | < 0.001 |
| Margarine (gram per day) | 10.88 (15.86) | 12.03 (14.27) | 0.001 | 11.56 (14.71) | 0.06 |
| Animal fat (gram per day) | 0.21 (1.21) | 0.27 (0.81) | 0.001 | 0.26 (1.31) | 0.001 |
| Pasta (gram per day) | 34.75 (51.25) | 35.08 (51.23) | 0.02 | 34.94 (47.06) | 0.07 |
| Sugar (gram per day) | 18.56 (39.56) | 18.18 (43.65) | 0.01 | 18.62 (47.08) | 0.09 |
| Dressing (gram per day) | 6.37 (8.43) | 6.51 (9.11) | 0.01 | 6.46 (9.18) | 0.01 |
| Dips (gram per day) | 5.62 (9.20) | 5.69 (8.33) | 0.03 | 5.58 (8.76) | 0.01 |
| Vegetables (gram per day) | 198.98 (107.23) | 203.06 (134.43) | 0.001 | 199.15 (143.60) | 0.08 |
| Fruit (gram per day) | 133.89 (108.04) | 133.61 (109.23) | 0.23 | 133.63 | 0.34 |
IDC invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma, SD standard deviation, WDS Western diet score.
1p-value are based on t-test (continuous variables) or X2 (categorical variables).
^Underweight and normal BMI were merged in one group (due to the small number of underweights).