Table 1.
List of 16 CMIP6 models in this study and their spatial resolutions
| Model name | Modeling center | Spatial resolution |
|---|---|---|
| BCC-CSM2-MR | Beijing Climate Center, China | 320 × 160 |
| CAMS-CSM1-0 | Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China | 320 × 160 |
| CESM2-WACCM | National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, United States | 288 × 192 |
| CESM2 | National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, United States | 288 × 192 |
| CNRM-CM6-1 | National Centre for Meteorological Research, France | 256 × 128 |
| CNRM-ESM2-1 | National Centre for Meteorological Research, France | 256 × 128 |
| CanESM5 | Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada | 128 × 64 |
| EC-Earth3-Veg | EC-Earth Consortium, Europe | 512 × 256 |
| EC-Earth3 | EC-Earth Consortium, Europe | 512 × 256 |
| FGOALS-g3 | LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China | 180 × 80 |
| GFDL-ESM4 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, United States | 288 × 180 |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, France | 144 × 143 |
| MIROC-ES2L | JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), AORI (Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo), NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies), and R-CCS (RIKEN Center for Computational Science), Japan | 128 × 64 |
| MIROC6 | JAMSTEC, AORI, NIES and R-CCS, Japan | 256 × 128 |
| MRI-ESM2-0 | Meteorological Research Institute, Japan | 320 × 160 |
| UKESM1-0-LL | Met Office Hadley Centre, United Kingdom | 192 × 144 |