Table 3.
Postoperative outcomes: distribution is overall, by surgical treatment group, and by final pathology (n = 524)
| Total (n = 524) |
PD (n = 289) (55.2%) |
DP (n = 144) (27.5%) |
TP (n = 91) (17.4%) |
LGD (n = 173) (33.1%) |
HGD/inv (n = 351) (66.9%) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Overall morbidity | 235 (44.8) | 143 (49.5) | 58 (40.3) | 34 (37.4) | 77 (44.5) | 158 (45.1) | 0.912 |
| Surgical morbidity | |||||||
| Biochemical leak | 76 (21.3) | 26 (9.0) | 49 (34.0) | 1 (1.1) | 35 (20.2) | 41 (11.7) | 0.009 |
| CR-POPF | 52 (14.6) | 44 (15.2) | 8 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 21 (12.1) | 31 (8.8) | 0.234 |
| PPH | 57 (10.9) | 35 (12.1) | 10 (6.9) | 12 (13.2) | 22 (12.7) | 35 (10.0) | 0.348 |
| DGE | 34 (6.5)a | 23 (8.0) | 1 (0.7) | 10 (11.1)a | 11 (6.4) | 23 (6.6) | 0.939 |
| Abdominal abscess | 19 (3.6) | 14 (4.8) | 3 (2.1) | 2 (2.2) | 8 (4.6) | 11 (3.1) | 0.394 |
| Biliary fistula | 37 (7.1) | 27 (9.3) | 3 (2.1) | 7 (7.7) | 10 (5.8) | 27 (7.7) | 0.417 |
| Enteric fistula | 21 (4.0) | 15 (5.2) | 3 (2.1) | 3 (3.3) | 6 (3.5) | 15 (4.3) | 0.654 |
| Chyle leak | 19 (3.6) | 10 (3.5) | 3 (2.1) | 6 (6.6) | 4 (2.3) | 15 (4.3) | 0.259 |
| Medical morbidity | |||||||
| Sepsis | 27 (5.2) | 19 (6.6) | 4 (2.8) | 4 (4.4) | 4 (2.3) | 23 (6.6) | 0.038 |
| Respiratory complications | 71 (13.5) | 42 (14.5) | 18 (12.5) | 11 (12.1) | 26 (15.0) | 45 (12.8) | 0.487 |
| Cardiac complications | 24 (4.6) | 13 (4.5) | 6 (4.2) | 5 (5.5) | 9 (5.2) | 15 (4.3) | 0.632 |
| Acute renal failure | 11 (2.1) | 7 (2.4) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (2.2) | 4 (2.3) | 7 (2.0) | 0.815 |
| Neurologic complications | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.154 |
| Surgical-site infections | 15 (2.9) | 9 (3.1) | 2 (1.4) | 4 (4.4) | 2 (1.2) | 13 (3.7) | 0.099 |
| Clavien–Dindo score | |||||||
| No | 112 (21.4) | 60 (20.8) | 28 (19.4) | 24 (26.4) | 31 (17.9) | 81 (23.1) | 0.176 |
| 1 | 153 (29.2) | 80 (27.7) | 52 (36.1) | 21 (23.1) | 57 (32.9) | 96 (27.4) | 0.185 |
| 2 | 161 (30.7) | 81 (28.0) | 52 (36.1) | 28 (30.8) | 56 (32.4) | 105 (30.0) | 0.567 |
| 3a | 49 (9.4) | 34 (11.8) | 6 (4.2) | 9 (9.9) | 17 (9.8) | 32 (9.1) | 0.792 |
| 3b | 23 (4.4) | 13 (4.5) | 4 (2.8) | 6 (6.6) | 6 (3.5) | 17 (4.8) | 0.469 |
| 4a | 8 (1.5) | 5 (1.7) | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 6 (1.7) | 0.627 |
| 4b | 4 (0.8) | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (0.9) | 0.732 |
| 5 | 14 (2.7) | 13 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2.3) | 10 (2.9) | 0.720 |
| Clavien–Dindo ≥3 | 98 (18.7%) | 68 (23.5) | 12 (8.3) | 18 (19.8) | 30 (17.3) | 68 (19.4) | 0.574 |
| Median LOS: days (IQR) | 10 (6)b | 10 (7)c | 8 (4)d | 11 (9)d | 9 (7) | 10 (6) | 0.010 |
| Endocrine insufficiency | |||||||
| New onset | 111 (25.6)e | 68 (23.5) | 43 (29.9) | – | 41 (23.7) | 70 (19.9) | 0.322 |
| Worsening | 64 (66.7)e,f | 34 (65.4)f | 17 (70.8)f | – | 18 (10.4) | 46 (13.1) | 0.375 |
| Exocrine insufficiency | 156 (36.0)g | 120 (41.5) | 36 (25.0) | – | 56 (32.4) | 100 (28.5) | 0.361 |
PD pancreaticoduodenectomy, DP distal pancreatectomy, TP total pancreatectomy, LGD low-grade dysplasia, HGD/inv high-grade dysplasia/invasive cancer, CR-POPF clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, PPH post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, DGE delayed gastric emptying, LOS length of stay, IQR interquartile range
Missing data: a1; b20; c16; d2
eTotal pancreatectomies excluded
fCalculated among patients with pre-existing diabetes
gTotal pancreatectomies and chronic pancreatitis excluded