Table 1.
The basic characteristics of selected participants.
| Variables |
Total
(N = 8,216) |
Male
(n = 4,019) |
Female
(n = 4,197) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ±SD; n, %) | 50.8 ± 14.2 | 52.2 ± 14.4 | 49.5 ± 14.0 | <0.0001 a |
| Education (n, %) | ||||
| Grad from primary | 1,601 (19.5) | 705 (17.5) | 896 (21.4) | <0.0001 b |
| Lower middle school degree | 3,124 (38.0) | 1,538 (38.3) | 1,586 (37.8) | |
| Upper middle school degree | 1,386 (16.9) | 726 (18.1) | 660 (15.7) | |
| Technical or vocational degree | 794 (9.7) | 378 (9.4) | 416 (9.9) | |
| University or college degree and above | 1,311 (16.0) | 672(16.7) | 639 (15.2) | |
| Urban Status ( n , %) | ||||
| City, town, or county capital city | 4,490 (64.7) | 2,292 (57.0) | 2,198 (52.4) | <0.0001 b |
| Suburban or rural village | 3,726 (45.4) | 1,727 (43.0) | 1,999 (47.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ±SD; n, %) | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 24.5 ± 3.6 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | <0.0001 a |
| Underweight | 362 (4.4) | 150 (3.7) | 212(5.1) | <0.0001 b |
| Normal | 3,702 (45.1) | 1,726 (42.9) | 1,976 (47.1) | |
| Overweight | 2,967 (36.1) | 1,542 (38.4) | 1,425 (33.9) | |
| Obese | 1,185 (14.4) | 601 (14.9) | 584 (13.9) | |
| Smoking status ( n , %) | ||||
| Yes | 1,850 (22.8) | 1,774 (45.1) | 76 (1.8) | <0.0001 b |
| No | 6,280 (77.2) | 2,163 (54.9) | 4,117 (98.2) | |
| Alcohol consumption ( n , %) | ||||
| Yes | 2,257 (28.7) | 2,301 (52.6) | 226 (5.7) | <0.0001 b |
| No | 5,600 (71.3) | 1,827 (47.4) | 3,773 (94.3) | |
| Diabetes ( n , %) | ||||
| Yes | 382 (4.9) | 202 (5.3) | 180 (4.5) | 0.127 b |
| No | 7,461 (95.1) | 3,647 (94.7) | 3,814 (95.5) | |
| Hypertension ( n , %) | ||||
| Yes | 1,254 (16.0) | 664 (17.2) | 590 (14.8) | 0.003 b |
| No | 6,593 (84.0) | 3,187 (82.8) | 3,406 (85.2) | |
*
p-value refers to the comparison between male and female.
a
P-values were calculated by two-tailed t-tests.
b
P-values were calculated by chi-square tests.