Table 3.

Summary statistics for Mann–Whitney U-tests comparing predictive differences in Varroa levels.

Response	Factor	Statistic	N	η2	P
Survival	June Varroa level	U = 20,811.000	152, 205	0.082	< 0.001
	September Varroa level	U = 19,755.000	155, 169	0.193	< 0.001
Stock	June Varroa level	U = 9,493.500	190, 167	0.120	< 0.001
	September Varroa level	U = 4,308.000	167, 157	0.337	< 0.001

Eta-squared values indicate factor effect sizes (small, η² ≥ 0.010- < 0.060; intermediate, η² ≥ 0.060- < 0.140; large, η² ≥ 0.140).