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. 2022 Apr 7;12:5850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09882-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of GBCAs on phosphorylation of RhoGTPase. The U87MG clonal cells were transfected with DsiRNA or siRNA of ITGAV and/or ITGB3, then exposed to GBCAs for 30 min after serum-starvation for 6 h. Representative blots of pRac1/Cdc42 levels of GBCAs exposure after knockdown of ITGAV or ITGB3 (A) or coexposure with PF573228 (C), U0126 (E), or LY294002 (G). Quantitative analysis of GBCAs effect on the protein expression levels of Rac1/Cdc42 (S71) after knockdown of ITGAV or ITGB3 (B) or coexposure with PF573228 (D), U0126 (F), or LY294002 (H). Full-length blots are available in supplemental information. The blots were quantified using Fiji ImageJ software (NIH). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, indicates statistical significance were analysed by two-way ANOVA continued with post hoc Bonferroni’s or Turkey test compared with the control. ^####p < 0.0001, ^#p < 0.05, indicates statistical significance were analysed by two-way ANOVA continued with post hoc Bonferroni’s or Turkey.