Table 3. Intraoperative and postoperative data.
| Left atriotomy (n=47) | Transseptal (n=131) | Superior transseptal (n=63) | p | |||||||
| n | % | Mean±SD | n | % | Mean±SD | n | % | Mean±SD | ||
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 674±22.4 | 65.9±19.8 | 78.8±35.9 | 0.116* | ||||||
| CPB time (min) | 100.9±30.1 | 100.7±30.4 | 115.8±51.6 | 0.222* | ||||||
| Procedure | ||||||||||
| MVR | 46 | 979 | 118 | 90.1 | 38 | 60.3 | <0.001† | |||
| MVP | 1 | 2.1 | 13 | 9.9 | 25 | 39.7 | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 52.9±8.9 | 53.1±10.2 | 53.5±8.0 | 0.823* | ||||||
| PAP (mmHg) | 31.3±7.5 | 32.0±9.2 | 32.9±8.1 | 0.622* | ||||||
| Day 4 after surgery | ||||||||||
| NSR | 29 | 61.7 | 91 | 69.5 | 50 | 79.4 | 0.037† | |||
| AF | 16 | 34 | 28 | 21.4 | 9 | 14.3 | ||||
| Nodal rhythm | 2 | 4.3 | 12 | 9.2 | 4 | 6.3 | ||||
| First degree AV block | 13 | 277 | 42 | 32.1 | 28 | 44.4 | 0.130† | |||
| Second degree AV block | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.656† | |||
| Third degree AV block | 1 | 2.1 | 1 | 0.8 | 3 | 4.8 | 0.187† | |||
| Temporary pacing‡ | 12 | 25.5 | 40 | 30.5 | 31 | 49.2 | 0.013† | |||
| Day 7 after surgery | ||||||||||
| NSR | 29 | 61.7 | 91 | 69.5 | 53 | 84.1 | 0.037† | |||
| AF | 17 | 36.2 | 38 | 29 | 9 | 14.3 | ||||
| Nodal rhythm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.6 | ||||
| New-onset AF in postoperative 30-days§ | 11 | 35.4 | 53 | 52.4 | 24 | 43.6 | 0.211† | |||
| PPI | ||||||||||
| Use of inotropic agent ∫ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.6 | 0.242† | |||
| Drainage (mL) | 19 | 40.4 | 42 | 32.1 | 33 | 52.4 | 0.024† | |||
| Re-exploration¶ | 489.4±173.2 | 4771±140.1 | 542.9±128.2 | <0.001* | ||||||
| Extubating time (h) | 6 | 12.8 | 9 | 6.9 | 2 | 3.2 | 0.150† | |||
| ICU stay (day) | 172±18.4 | 15.8±15.0 | 55.9±351.4 | 0.008* | ||||||
| Hospital stay (day) | 3.6±11.2 | 3.5±14.3 | 3.6±176 | 0.009* | ||||||
| Rehospitalization | 11.3±13.8 | 10.8±15.6 | 10.0±17.1 | 0.261* | ||||||
| Reoperation | 5 | 10.6 | 17 | 13 | 2 | 3.2 | 0.101† | |||
| Mortality | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 3.2 | 0.429† | |||
| Mortality | 2 | 4.3 | 5 | 3.8 | 1 | 1.6 | 0.664† | |||
| SD: Standard deviation; CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; MVR: Mitral valve replacement; MVP: Mitral valvuloplasty; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PAP: Pulmonary artery pressure; NSR: Normal sinus rhythm; AF: Atrial fibrillation; AV: Atrioventricular; PPI: Permanent pacemaker implantation; ICU: Intensive care unit; * Kruskal-Wallis test; † Chi-square test; ‡ Patients who needed cardiac pacing during weaning from CPB or in early postoperative stage; § Patients who had normal sinus rhythm in preoperative stage and had at least one time AF on ECG follow-ups in 30-day period after surgery. Because of preoperative NSR condition, n values of groups were changed; ∫ Patients who needed at least two of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine support at the same time in early postoperative stage; ¶ Re-exploration because of hemorrhage, pericardial fluid or tamponade. | ||||||||||