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. 2022 Mar 25;10:856398. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.856398

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Copyright © 2022 Ze, Li, Huang, Shi, Li, Gong, Lin and Yao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Printing of blood vessels with multi-layered structure. (A) Schematic diagram showing the printing procedure in a bioreactor. The printing includes a gelatin core and a surrounding fibrin layer. (B) Results showed that cell viability was not affected after the printing process. (C) Fluorescence micrographs show the homogenous distribution and good combination of ECs, SMCs, and fibroblasts. (D) Permeability testing and cell viability evaluation. Adapted with permission (Schöneberg et al., 2018). Copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group.